Feedback Stress: Does Auditory Feedback Negatively Affect Performance o

In his historic study, Stroop found that reading fleshs of dissimulation in interfered with individuals ability to secernate the ink color the word was printed in when the both differed (i.e., the word BLUE written in red ink) (1935). However, the basis of this phenomenon nooky be traced back to Cattell who found that naming colors and pictures took twice as long to accomplish than reading the word these colors or pictures represented (1886). He concluded that this was due to reading being an automatic emergence while identifying colors or pictures requires a conscious effort (Cattell, 1886). MacLeod (1991) reflects that it was Cattells work which strongly influenced future psychologist including Stroop.In his experiment, Stroop investigated how the reaction m to name colors increased when it conflicted with the automatic attend to of reading. He broke hatful his experiment into three parts. In the first, he tested how reading the name of a color printed in a differen t ink color (i.e., BLUE) differed from reading the name of a color printed in black ink (i.e., BLUE). The difference surrounded by the name of the color and the ink color it was printed in caused a slight interference resulting in an increased reaction time of 2.3 seconds (Stroop, 1935). In the second part of his experiment, Stroop (1935) looked at reaction time differences between naming the color of solid blocks (i.e., ) versus naming the color of the ink not the name of the color (i.e., responding RED for BLUE). He found that participants required 74% more time to name the color of the ink when it did not sum up with the name of the color (Stroop, 1935). Stroop concluded that it was the interference between the automatic process of reading the names of the colored w... ...oop An interference task specialized for usable neuroimaging validation study with functional MRI. Human Brain Mapping, 6(4), 270-282. doi 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)64Cattell, J. M. (1886). The t ime it takes to see and name objects. Mind, 11(41), 63-65.MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of interrogation on the Stroop Effect An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163-203. doi 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163Richards, A., French, C. C., Johnson, W. Naparstek, J., & Williams, J. (1992). Effects of belief manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British ledger of Psychology, 83, 479-491.Shor, R. E. (1975). An auditory analog of the Stroop test. Journal of General Psychology, 93, 281-288.Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in consecutive verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662.