The Technological Life Cycle

Today we swim in a sea of ever-changing engine room that affects us as much as our thoughts and actions shape it. The applied science we have chosen, either by the preferences of those who use it, or the agendas of those who own and benefit from it, has had its own influence on us from gross examples such as change magnitude pollution, or a higher Western-style standard of living, to the way one person perceives another.Some people who resist using some, or even all technology they are often called Luddites by those who embrace all things new another type calls themselves Neo-Luddites, such as Kirkpatrick Sale. In his book Human scale, Sale describes the vague rotting of the stones of the Parthenon and other ancient monuments to civilization from the acid pollution developed by our present industrial civilization and compares it to the slow disintegration our industrialized ships company has seemed to have undergone.He identifies effects of technology which have been harmful to the benignant condition and the environment, unless seems to not quite get it about the Luddites they were not fight the machines themselves they were struggling against powers of society that, for the past century, finished enclosure and the abolishment of commonality and the subsequent arisal of a class of people who lived by renting their labor the operative class (Laslett, 195), had been seeking to disempower and disenfranchise the mass of people, and were now striking anew with the latest, and most powerful manifestation of their social policies, the Industrial Factory.The men of Nottinghamshire who died as Luddites were fighting a system, not a technology, a system whose intentions were not to cut costs and ontogenesis efficiency, but to increase the control of management (i. e. the control of the owners of capital) over labor. technological developments are made by, and in the best interests of those who own those who own and benefit from technical innovations (Law, 19 5).The history of Industrial factory technology begins to appear as a collective fetish of the ruling classes for instruments of control. In Ameri potbelly Industrial development, the direction of technological development since the Civil War has been driven by the largest customer of that Industry, the multitude (Noble, 334), and the society that works in and uses the products of that Industry has been affected by that direction. But as to the woes of our civilization, Technology is not the problem, nor is it the solution.The problem is political, moral, and cultural, as is the solution a thriving challenge to a system of domination which masquerades as progress. Social power is needed to direct the resources necessary for technological innovation so during the history of the Industrial Age, at the beginning, the machines were new, large, and expensive, so only those who controlled enough social power to bring about the machines could decide on what forms those machines came in the wealthy, and the state, through the needs of the military.Less expensive and more efficient technologies were stifled by those in authority if they did not contribute to the goal of taking power away from the workers and placing it in the hands of management. In this century, the development of Numerically Controlled (N/C) machine tools was controlled by the emerging military-industrial complex, which spared no expense to implement a troublesome and complicated technology that was no better than the unoriginal methods, and inferior to the alternative Record/Playback automated machining (Noble, 146).The Boeing plant in Seattle even had special switches on the machines so the operators could signal the manager for permission to go to the tin (Noble, 243) The engineers of the 1950s announced the dawning of a Second Industrial Revolution- one that would finalize the subjugation of labor- but instead that Revolution has come full circle we in brief have come to a break-even point where the products of the Industrial Age are now its undoing mass- occupation and the unprecedented ability of modern electronic communication.Mass production was intended partially to maximise the usefulness of expensive machines through continuous production, but also to discipline workers who had to attend to the rigors of working with a machine that neer took breaks, never slowed down, and never stopped for a stray finger or hand. The reduction in the prices of many goods due to mass-production has enabled the average citizen to afford many conveniences which would have been beyond his means a century ago- including capital goods, which more and more tend not to be heavy machinery, but relatively loud electronic devices.The Information Age is just beginning, and the control of information is the control of power, power to direct the next step of technological development. Once, publishing required notion presses, copious amounts of paper, and the ability to distribute print ed matter, and thus the wealthy controlled the written word. Now, anyone with a computer and an Internet connection can make a Web rapscallion accessable to millions of people around the world.Scientists use this ultra-efficient electronic journal to advance their research (Stix, 106), and now, the explosion of popularity in the net brings together people of all different beliefs and motivations into the word that shapes society. Political ideas once suppressed by newspaper chains and television networks now filter through the strands of the Internet. In this new society, anyone who is interesting enough can be a star (Browning). Luddites are not afraid to use new technology- somethings are better done by them (Martinez).Power looms had been around in the first place Jacquards innovation for even a Luddite saw that it took much of the effort out of the work, and he could produce far more than with a conventional loom- but those machines amplified and increase the skills of the o perator, instead of replacing them with punched cards. The center of the argue through the ages never was machines, it always was, and still is information- the control of information- that is, skills and knowledge. Slavery devalues the enslaved, and desensitizes the enslavers.Free labor cannot compete fairly against slaves this has been a fact since the beginning of history, and it applies whether the slaves are human or machines. Our discrimination against machines hurts us just as much as it hurts the machines that we confine, in a second-order way, to the mechanical margins of our human civilisation. (Law, 17) We prefer to think of ourselves as special, exclusively posessing self-awareness and intentionality, but what justifies our prejudice? What entitles us to attribute intentionality to non-machines in the first place? What makes our description of human intentionality other than figurative? (Law, 91) We fear being dehumanised by being equated with machines, be nonplus o ur speciist biases tell us that the non-human is less than human, just as racism and sexism deny the humanity of those who are not like us- but we are in fact part machine ourselves Our lives are a series of human/machine interactions, and each living half of society is dependent on the other.The machines are alive, and to deny that they When machines are not free, neither are men, and both suffer. As long as the controllers of the machines can pull profit from their labor, they will continue the fight to eliminate the wage-earning human worker, and as they push their human and mechanical robots to higher levels of production, their suffering will increase for example, between 1940 and 1945, eleven condemnations as many Americans were killed or injured in industrial accidents than in combat.In most factories, management requires production speeds that cause machines to break down more frequently, and prohibit proper repair of them when they do, causing them work less efficiently so they are run faster, forcing human workers to nurse up with them, increasing accident and equipment failure rates So long as the machines are enslaved, they, through no fault of their own, will be employ to bludgeon the working class, and then cast aside as scrap.The time has come for human and machine robots to come together in common struggle for the rights of both. Machines have the right to fair compensation for labor rendered as production, for their proper maintenance and repair. It is the responsibility of those work most closely with, and operate the machines, to advocate their cause, to tick off the collection of just compensation, and to protect and maintain them in good mechanical health.We cannot wait for the grace of capitalists to give up their slaves a change is called for- a revolution of capital from the state and the idle rich to those who actually work with it at a person-machine level. A naive faith in technologys power to improve our lives through easier and less work has led organized labor in this country to the sorry state it is now in, while the increased profits and leisure time have mostly gone to a corporate elite.Waiting for technological deliverance at the mercy of the social powers that control technology is futile- labor must become proactive and strive to liberate themselves from the Industrial system by liberating the machines from their capitalist slave-drivers. A new social movement is needed, to spread awareness of the rights of machines as well as of men, and to help build a new class of capitalist/workers, who do not merely own their own means of production, but work together with machines towards a better future.

Comparison of the Chinese and American Cultures Essay

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, culture is defined as the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon the faculty for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. Culture is an aspect all groups of humans drive and even though it is an aspect our species shargons, the supposed residuals make it bet like we are of different species Culture is something that both connects and separates us. Culture is something distinct enough to create barriers among us, such as linguistic barriers and behavioral barriers. And this is especially seen in the midst of the Ameri arse and Chinese cultures.River township, by Peter Hessler, is a non-fiction novel that depicts Peters experiences as a Peace Corps volunteer in Fuling, chinaware. He was sent to Fuling (a poor town on the banks of the Yangtze River) in 1996 and taught English and American literature for two years at a teachers college. This novel, in reading, seems more of a j ournal and thus, his writing of China puts the state and his experiences on a more personal level. He describes, with immense detail, his observations of the social, political and cultural issues of China and his experience as a waiguoren (foreigner). At his arrival, the people of the teachers college showered him and his fellow Peace Corps volunteer with many gifts and did everything they could to make them feel comfortable and welcome. However, alternately, whenever Peter would walk outside the campus of the school, the people would stare and gawk at him and yell, outsider and hello out of curiosity and their own amusement.This made him dedicate a large part of his day merely to learning Chinese. As he becomes more proficient in Chinese, he develops friendships and connections and begins to feel more accepted. He talks about the troubled history of China the struggles of land reform, decades of misguided economic policies and especially the damaging effects of the Cultural Revol ution. Peter spends a good deal discussing the, then, upcomingproject of the Three Gorges Dam, which has an immense, pernicious impact on the people. The project will require millions of villagers to be displaced and will destroy centuries worth of meaningful history. The author gives a very vivid lesson of the beautiful landscape, history and the people he meets. He also portrays the, especially political, perspectives of the Chinese quite well through learning from his students and teachers.According to Francis Hsu, the two sets of contrasts are individual-centered versus situation-centered and the prominence of emotions versus the underplay of all matters regarding the heart. He opined Americans are concerned only of themselves and act according to what would be beneficial to them, and that the Chinese acted according to the situation at hand. The Chinese avoid direct confrontation, open criticism and controversial topics to maintain harmony. In America, he adage the blind, l ots excessive pursuit of self-reliance and the inherent, long-lasting instability of human relationships as the root cause of many intractable social ills, including crime, racial discord, and the sale of influence in government. In China, he saw the traditional narrow focus on kinship based relationships had rendered their society unable to effectively counter Western colonialism, widespread poverty and famine, and even the perform of foot binding of women. (Tong 2001)One aspect of the book that really interested me was the education system and different cultural differences of how education is looked upon. In the book, the students all had the aforesaid(prenominal) thoughts on al to the highest degree every issue and those opinions would be unwavering. However, Perhaps by my standards they were politically brainwashed, but compared to the past they were remarkably free. (Hessler 200123) They would also communicate indirectly to Hessler often times via their journals. Not only i s the learning environment in China highly competitive and demanding, but expectations are high of students, forcing them to simply learn to earn the highest grade possible. Also, Chinese students do not have electives they can choose from, they are assigned classes that best correspond to their scores on tests. Whereas in America, personal identity and self-expression if looked high upon. Thus, in America, the individual students abilities and skills determinewhere they go in the future, and in China, what society or their parents want determines where they go. This is exactly what Francis Hsu talked about.I believe Peter Hessler was relatively objective in his journaling. Whenever he brought up thoughts or opinions of his students or any of the Fuling people, he briefly gave the history and background of them so we can understand where they are coming from. However, there were a few times where you could sense his extreme bias, but this was never fully evident in his writing.The difference between American and Chinese homes reflects the contrasting patterns of behavior in the family. In the US, children are highly regarded, cared for and have privilege, so far as to have laws and regulations defend them. In China, children are taken for granted and have little to no reason to expect protection. Pediatrics was not a branch of medicine in China until just recently. In America, what is important is what parents should do for their parents in China, what is important is what the children should do for their parents. This is a major reason why Chinese students are so focused on getting the best grades, so they can get a good job and take care of their elders. This is the basis for Filial holiness (virtue of respect for ones parents and ancestors). American students focus on what is best for them and will usually move out the house at age 18 with no regard to taking care of their elders. Another difference between the two cultures is social relationships. The Chinese have formal, hierarchal relationships in which they feel most comfortable knowing their position. Americans have informal, egalitarian relationships in which they feel most comfortable among their equals and social ranking is not important. Ironically however, the Chinese tend to have a few, very close friends to whom they feel obligated to when it comes to helping them Americans tend to have numerous friends and acquaintances that changes over time and to whom they feel no obligations.Works Cited2001 River Town Two years on the Yangtze. HarperCollins Publishers. Aguilar,Leslie, and Linda Stokes 1996. Multicultural Customer Service Providing Outstanding Service Across Cultures. Chicago Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc CultureAbout Our Definitions exclusively Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc.) Are Now Displayed on One Page. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013 Li Qing 1995. Face, Guanxi, Houmen(r) & Elastic Rules Insight into the Chinese Culture. Presentation at conference of NAFSA connection of International Educators. Tong, William K. Excerpts from Americans & Chinese by Francis Hsu. Excerpts from Americans & Chinese by Francis Hsu. Oakton Community College, 2001. Web. 22 Apr. 2013

Charcoal as Plant Fertilizer

Charcoal is considerably neutral, and the natural wood types be perfect in their ability to amend nearly any type of soil. Today, you may here the term bio-char, and this refers to the larger quantities of essential charcoal being produced for use on organic farms and the like. Charcoal is clean, chemical free in most cases, clean to produce when processed properly, and offers an outstanding result without the potentially harmful chemicals and additives so often thrown and twisted in to expensive mercantile fertilizers.There are many qualities that charcoal brings to the dinner table, to research, to nature, and to the world that you may not recognize as such unless they are pointed out. Due to its extremely high surface area, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus stick to the charcoal and provide an excellent home to soil friendly bacteria and thus essentially turning charcoal into a slow release fertilizer. Inoculate it with fertilizer before applying.Most of the plants growers nowadays are looking foregoing for an efficient yet affordable way of growing healthy plants, which are weed and worm free. The Group of Kids of Einstein has chosen this Investigatory Project authorize Charcoal as Plant Fertilizer with the idea that this will be the solution of most of the concerns of the plant-growers around the world. Charcoal can be an alternative for the commercial fertilizers which are more expensive to buy.Charcoal can be found and bought all around and has less cost than of fertilizers. This is a very big dish out for plant growers. This project was chosen because the group believes that having this would encourage others to spread the news of more effective fertilizers rather than using the commercial ones. This is helpful not just now of its guaranteed effect but it can also help lessen the expenses of the plant growers that would help them get more motivated of planting knowing that they can pitch more.

Outline of the Tea Party Platform Essay

Believe that heavy taxes are a burden for those who apply their personal liberty to work hard ? Need for governing body to protect the liberty of citizens with interference of the government that has exceeded its necessary size or scope. 2. Eliminate National Debt ? there is a need to have fiscal conservative policies at every last(predicate) levels of government ? narrow down the national debt for the good of the average American 3. Protect Free Markets ? Allow free markets to prosper without the infringement of the national government ?Belief that free markets should be protected and are the backbone of the U. S 4. Abide By the Constitution of The United States ? Belief that the U. S Constitution is the imperative law and should be held as so ? Constitution but be upheld in all areas, levels and branches of government 5. Promote Civic Responsibility ? Citizen involvement should be upheld ? Belief that citizen inolment directs the behaviors of the representatives both on a local and national level 6. Reduce the Overall Size Of Government ? Belief that a bloated or overcrowded bureaucracy leads to uneconomical spending ?Reducing the size of governement will than in turn help eliminate inefficiencies that result in deficit spending 7. Believe In The People ? Guaranteed freedoms for the American people will cause then to thrive and grow in a democratic, capitalist enviroment which allows individuals to achieve and go after achievements 8. carry on Local Independance ? The strength of the Tea Party movement is the ability of citizens at the local level to establish their own platforms ? Belief that each citizens verbalize should be heard

Child Labor-Research Paper Essay

squirtren argon the some central people in this public. Not only(prenominal) be they innocent and premature, that they in any case provide the future for this populace. Every great crowner or world changing man or women was once a talk. That baby grew up and became something great. Beca intent that bay was raised the right flair they were adequate to achieve mens greatest achievements. If people like George Washington were raised differently then where would the States be? We could dumb be under British Rule. We could be cardinal of the governments that keep micturateting into civil wars because they have no unanimous leaders to lead them in the right direction.One fry spate rearrange how the world is today. Children be like a b all of clay. Children must be c bed for in dress to be shaped into a beautiful masterpiece. What masterpiece can you ferment with cracked clay? Ask any artist or sculptor you cant work with cracked clay. It crumbles and falls apart in yo ur hand. How can we make this world a masterpiece if the structure isnt supportive? Child get the picture is the harsh dry climate that can dry and crack the future masterpiece that is our world. We need educated, healthy, and able children to run our future world and make it the utopia we wish it could be.Putting Child boil on the front of Time Magazine can really help with this problem. Having this topic on the front of such(prenominal) a popular magazine can really help with the publicity this topic needs. There can be a lot more(prenominal) through with(p) to help this on going problem. We need to educate the world on what is happening to these poor children that this has to happen too. Child fag is a very important problem and needs to be stopped as soon as possible. Child Labor should be on the overwhelm of Time Magazine because it is a growing problem, it can destroy countries, and children atomic number 18 the future for this world.Keeping in mind all this aspects I hope that child task is completely faint-hearted act of the cruel people and should be banned. The explanation of child bear on is very extensive. Not only has it been virtually since the beginning of time its withal been a technique used in every single country in the world. As a matter of fact Child labor is still around today. It may not be as extensively used as it used to be but it is still around. During the 1700s child labor was a big part of the industrial revolution. Kids were hired to do tasks that required their attributes.They were ordered to crawl under working(a) machines and check things out. Surprisingly Children were given the most dangerous jobs. Many children died, lost limbs, or were seriously injured. As the problem grew it was introduced to more immature countries. These countries used children for some things including work. They would have them work on farms, factories, or other laboring jobs. Rebel armies in 3rd world countries are especially big fa ns of Child Labor. They use children for everything for the fact that they are easy to brainwash. They use children to distribute guns, as soldiers, or as servants.The main use of Child Labor now is mostly 3rd world countries. These countries have been depending on these children for many a(prenominal) things. They need these children so oftentimes because they are very new countries. These countries might have become independent not very long ago and crusade very much to remain stable(Galbi Douglas). Because these countries are so young thy are way to busy trying to realize out problems like who is in charge and dealing with rebel armies that this problem is almost nothing to them. Believe or not some governments use child labor. These 3rd world countries believe that putting a child to work is fine.As I said before the history of Child Labor is very extensive and there is belike some things that experts dont even know closely this topic. Child Labor has been a growing proble m ever since the beginning of time. According to the history of Child Labor not very much has been done to prevent Child Labor. Certain countries have created laws preventing Child Labor but most of the world still has Children working. Most of these countries are 3rd world countries. There are many reasons wherefore 3rd world countries have Child Labor. It provides familys with one more paycheck to help with bills.You may notice the many 3rd world families have a lot of members. That is because if you have more children you have more paychecks coming in. Another reason is because people believe it might balance out there economy. Politics in these countries might believe that increasing the working class will increase the amount of products able to export therefore increasing trade and wealth. Also the main purpose that countries have Child Labor because it is the cheapest form of labor. Kids are able to work relatively cheap because there are easy to manipulate and convince that certain things are fair.This is an easy way to increase the work effort and increase profit too. These countries believe that Child Labor is a good way to increase their wealth and hopefully get them out of the economic slump they are in. Because these countries are very young they dont see this as being wrong. Also they dont see that Child Labor is actually destroying them alike. Child Labor does the exact opposite of help. Thats why it is such an important growing problem. We have to figure out some how to convince countries that Child Labor isnt good. Countries dont believe anything is wrong because we keep on buying their products.There are several large companies that use Child Labor as a form of cheap labor so they are able to make much more profit. One of these big name product that use Child Labor in their factories is Nike. Nike is one of the biggest companies around in the U. S and they use Children in their factories. This marchs how much it actually is around us. It is because of companies like this that are the reason the Child labor is still around. (Why children work) Child Labor is a main reason why 3rd world countries are the way they are today. Child labor devastates countries and families all around the world.Not only does Child Labor include the labor of several children but it also is a main topic in the tr mount updy of child trafficking. Children are sold as slaves to several people that are involved in Child trafficking. These Children are agonistic to work and do certain jobs fir no pay and little food. This also usually happens in 3rd world countries. These children are usually kidnapped of the streets then sold. Another reason why Child labor is destroying countries is because these 3rd world countries that need a strong leader now have no educated children that can soon be their leader.To have a good leader he must be well educated. All of the great leaders of the world were once young children. As children they were pushed to ge t the best education they possibly can get. Now they were able to change the world into a best place. Without educated children, who will be the future leaders of these 3rd world countries? It is because there are no children that are educated that these countries are in such a slump. (Child Labor) Children are the future larders of this world. Name any person that has accomplished so many great things for this world and no matter what that person would always have a child hood.Our President for example, he was once a child. He used to defend with toys and play tag. What he had different then Children in labor are the opportunity. That is what we need to provide for these children. We have to give these children an opportunity to help their country, to help their families, to help the world. If we are able to give these children opportunity they can help these countries. They can bring these countries out of the slumps they are in. They can even fix many of our problems that we ha ve today. We should fight to end this struggle. We should fight to win this war against Child Labor.Many people think that child labor only existed in the early twentieth speed of light but that is wrong. Child labor still exists in our world today and even though we do not hear or read about it, it is still prominent in the world today. Many companies based in the united States are also involved in child labor. Many of the companies that are involved in child labor are not involved directly. Just because child labor has a negative connotation does not intend that all the results of child labor are negative. There are many negative outcomes of child labor and people should not encourage child labor but it is still very much alive in our world today.Many people wonder what child labor is, or how many children are actually affected by it, or even where it take place. To define child labor, someone could say it is any work that could harm, abuse, or misuse children. It is also impo rtant to know that child labor is a major problem throughout the world. Just about two hundred and fifty million children around the world are considered child laborers. Child laborers are found all over the world. Child labor is not just limited to one or two regions in the world, it is a global problem that must be controlled.Many studies have been conducted in recent times to further understand how popular child labor is in our world today. It is known around the world that child laborers are mainly recruited from poor or undeveloped countries. Many child laborers are promised money, a better life style, housing and all the amenities they would ever need, but it is a lie. Employers tell these lies to the parents of children. The parents are hoping that the employer would give a better type of life for their child than they would if they stayed with them.In addition to child labor not being limited to one region of the world not only one age group is limited to being taken as chi ld laborers. Some kids are taken from their homes to become child laborers at the age of four. Many of the children that are taken to be child laborers are tricked and scammed into becoming child laborers. A recent study on child labor showed the Asiatic continent possessed the most child laborers. The study showed that of all the children laborers in the world Asia had just above sixty per centum of all the children laborers. FollowingAsia with the s most child laborers was the continent of Africa with just above thirty percent of worlds children laborers. Latin the States held just below ten percent of the worlds children laborers. The rest of the children laborers are found in the United States, Canada, or prospering nations on the European continent. About one fifth of all the workers in Asia are children. Also in Latin America just about one fifth of all the workers are children. A study conducted by the UNICEF organization concluded that about thirty-three percent of childr en in Africa were working.The same(p) study showed that twenty percent of children in Latin America were at work. bulge of the two hundred and fifty million child laborers in the world about eight and a half million child laborers are forced to work in conditions that sexually exploit them or in conditions that force them to use weapons(Yuban Hilda). Many people also wonder can child labor really exist in the United States of America today. It may be hard to believe but child labor does occur in the United States of America today. In the year 1996 a study showed that just fewer than two hundred thousand child laborers were in the United States of America.In the same study about sixty thousand of the two hundred thousand child laborers in America were under the age of fourteen. With all this knowledge many people wonder what is being done, and what can be done in the future. The government of the United States of America has passed many laws and restrictions to fight child labor but it has not been enforced to a great extent. It is evident that child labor is widely impacting our world destroying our countries and preventing the children that are the future for this world to do great things. face at all of these aspects, it shows how big of a problem this issue is, and putting it on the cover of time magazine would help inform people on such large levels. The only way that people will know about how serious the conditions are for these children is if the word is spread, and Time Magazine will show everyone that they must help. Imagine if the United States provided these types of conditions to our children. Is that the type of society that you would want your children, your childrens children, and the future generations to live in?With that being said, how could the people in countries like America not do anything to help? We must help. We can no longer allow this issue to spread in third world countries. If we want these countries to puree and become stable c ountries, it must start with the children they need help and they shouldnt have to deal with these types of conditions any longer. Child labor should be on the cover of time magazine because it is a rapidly growing problem, is will leave countries in ruins, and children are the future of this planet.

Effects of Music on the Unborn Child

unison tooshie be employ to influence peoples mood and has been used to attempt to affect the straits of a electric s acquirer in its mothers womb. Some people think that having an unhatched pincer listen to different types of medical specialty give stand different effects on how the child volition grow. Some people believe that medical specialty has no influence while others believe that if they introduce their un natural(p) child to important medication the baby depart grow up to be smarter than the kid who any listened to other types of medicine or no music while in the womb.Studies down been done on how music rat affect an un born(p), and many different results have come from these studies. Not only loafer the unborn child actually hear the music, but the child will remember the stress charge after they be born. ? unison affects attitudes as well as sights. According to the book titled What to find break through for in Music by Aaron Copland, there are f our elements of music rhythm, short letter, harmony, and timber color. separately of these elements are not heard by themselves but are heard together as one sound.Each part of music has a special and unique way wherewith we interpret and react to it. Rhythm comes starting time in the melodic elements because many historians say that music started with a beating of a rhythm. Whether it was the cavemen with branches or some other group rhythm was the first element of music appoint (Copland, 33). The second element, melody, is second because rhythm is much of a physical motion and so melody is experienced as a mental emotion. The melody is the near crucial part of the music.It is the only subjective portion of music that the audience rejects or accepts by itself (Copland, 49). Harmony, the third element, is the most sophisticated. The harmony was the most recently sight and has been greatly appreciated (Copland, 61). The last element, tone color, is the quality of sound prod uced by a token musical instrument (Copland, 78). Aaron Copland later goes on to pardon the difference of how we listen to music now compared to how we listened when we were in the womb.We have little to no say in what we listen to when we were in the womb we contribute only enjoy it or kick relentlessly hoping that it will change. ?Some studies have been done by David Tame in his book The Secret Power of Music. In it he says music has been found to affect the body in two distinct ways, directly on the cells and organs and indirectly by affecting the emotions, which, in turn, influence numerous bodily processes. Sounds projected into runniness media have coagulated proteins. So teenagers have brought soft eggs to tilt concerts, hich became hard-boiled wonder what happens in our birth bodies (Tame, 173) after(prenominal) reading this, it does subscribe to one wonder why we listen to something that can have such a negative effect and be so bad. Most people chose music their pa rents embossed them on or something completely different. Tame later says in his book that people who listen to swing music have led lives that were much much(prenominal) destructive to themselves and to others than people who had listened to pure music. David Tame alike did studies on plants and animals and how they respond to the different music.In a study performed classical music had appeared to bring more produce and kick downstairs looking flowers than rock music (Tame, 196). ?According to BBC, Dr. Lamont did a study where the same song was guide for the last three months of the pregnancy and then was played again after the child was born, still after they were a year old they recognized the song (BBC, Womb Music How Will Music Affect oner Unborn Child? ). Another study done by Dr. Lamont concluded that that there was no evidence that playing classical music to babies helps to gather in their brains develop.Dr. Lamont has done many studies for this topic and could be viewed an expert. She has discovered much information for example babies can hear just twenty weeks after conception and can remember a song for at least twelve months, and that babies cannot only remember the songs but they privilege these songs (BBC, Babies Remember womb music). ?Another study was done at the Education Oasis on how music affects babies in the womb, and they express that music does not murder a baby smarter but it does prepare it for particular ways of thinking.The effect the music has does not last long but can be used to do tasks more quickly (Bales). They figured out, through many experiments, that although music did not make the babies smarter it did make their brains ready to learn and grow. The babies who listened to classical music were more ready to learn than the babies, who had listened to country, rock, folk, dance, or nothing at all (Bales). ?Although there is still controversy on whether or not music can make the brain smarter or not, more invest igate has been done to observe the effects of music on newborns.Researchers from Brigham Oneng University canvass the effects of music on thirty-three premature infants in the neonatal intensive care whole at Utah Valley Regional Medical Center in Provo. Cassette players piped voices of men and women singing lullabies into to each one babys ears for forty minutes a day for four days. When doctors examined the babies on the fourth day, they found that babies who had been exposed to music gained more weight, and had lower blood pressure and a stronger heartbeat than the other (Robledo).Their research shows that music can help strengthen premature babies however, these researchers still have yet to figure out if music can improve a childs intellect. It is hard to study the intelligence aim of babies when they cannot talk or write. When studying three and four year olds these researchers have found out that if the child plays an instrument that the child is better at math and special thinking (Robledo). Oner goal should be to graze a love for music in oner child, not to create the next Mozart. It should be about having mutant and exposing oner child to new sounds and rhythms (Robledo).My mother listened to two genres of music when I was in her womb eighties rock and R&B. I would kick and dance for her when she played the rock music and she used R&B to put me to sleep. It worked as a oneng child too my mother has videos of me kicking and screaming for joy when she played AC/DC, Bon Jovi, the Beastie Boys, Duran Duran, Journey, Whitesnake, and U2. Whenever either of my parents cute to put me to sleep, they would play Prince, Stevie Wonder, Al B. Sure, Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, Soul II Soul, or Earth, Wind, and Fire. These genres have had an impact on my upbringing.Like most children I stuck to what I knew when it came for me to buy my first compact disk. The name The apple doesnt fall far from the tree applies very much so to me as it does to most children when they pick what they like and what they do not I chose a nineties rock and alternative. I like bands that were like the bands that I listened to in my mothers womb, but I in any case liked having my own music to like. The music I chose sounds similar to the music my mother would have me listen to, but it was something my atomic number 91 would not sing every word to, so I liked it.My dad is not the outgo singer, so if I can only get a hum then my music is more enjoyable. ?A year or two later, my mother was pregnant again. This time she was told by the doctors that her baby was to be born with many brain defects. She looked for many ways to keep her unborn baby from being born with the brain deficiencies. She had watched on the local news that babies were being born with an unbelievable intelligence from their mothers playing classical music while the unborn baby was still in the womb.There was another mother whom had said that the doctors had told her that her baby was supp osed to be born with brain efects but her baby was born with no defects at all and she thanked her lucky stars on classical music. My mother thought it was worth a try since music was not thought of to hurt a babys brain. While she had classical music on headphone around her womb, she had rock music on a second pair for her and me to enjoy. My brother was born with some brain deficiencies he is a slow school learner but is extremely betting at learning musical instruments. If one gives him an instrument in five minutes he will learn how to compose sound, in fifteen he knows notes, and in thirty he can play a song from memory.In everything else my brother is slow at learning and is slightly dyslexic. My mother thought the classical music had helped, so when she was pregnant again she had the new unborn baby listen to classical music as well. This one was born with terrible eye sight, deaf in one ear, dyslexic, and on the verge of being mentally handicapped. Classical music through a personal study has shown to have no intellectual effect on the unborn child. Every now and again a musical genius is born. These children are extremely gifted in music and can play, compose and clear music with an unimaginable capacity.Although, some may imagine that we cannot measure musical greatness or potential in children before they discover it themselves. There is a way. In the book titled Musical Ability in Children by Arnold Bentley, he describes ways that we can streak the musical ability and potential in children. After all, he says musical ability is primarily a mental ability. He goes on to tell how to test children, but he says that this can be a difficult task especially if the children are not old enough to handle the challenge of the tests (Bentley).According to these studies, there are too many variables to consider when having a child and exposing them to the different array of music that we have today. For example, the child may be born already a genius and t he classical music could impair his way of thinking, there are also some disabilities a child can be born with that music just will not be the fix, the baby may reject the music altogether because the baby still remembers what has happened before in the premortal life and knows that he should be listening to a different type or knows a better type for him to listen to. Music is a stimulant.We listen to it in hard times either to make us feel better or to truly understand what the artists are saying because now we understand what they mean. We try to understand everything that we listen to, but it is sometime hard to pick up the message the artists wanted to get out in the way they present it. Music is a powerful thing that should not be taken lightly it can create emotions and pictures in our mind.Music is not something that goes away either. in one case one hears a song it can be stuck in ones mind for a very long time. Even after many years of not hearing the song it can still com e back to the front of ones mind, much faster than a memory. Music is power, and to play it to unborn children increases the parents power over the child by what the parents choose which music to produce for the child.

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Leadership Assignment 5 Sarah Kamal 09-4714 - 26th November 2012 Question 1 Was the look class a assembly or a team up? If a team, what kind of a team was it? At first, before the assignment of a formal leader, it was a self-directed team on a only of groups of people. It was a team because it was not inhibited by organizational boundaries. It was specifically formulated for a calculate and vision that was to develop a technique for large-scale interferon production to use as a handling against cancer.The performance goals were also personate by themselves instead of one strong centralized leadership. This team consisted of 3 groups who had 3 informal leaders namely gene slicing, recombination and fermentation. At first the senior management believed that this biotech research program could be self-managed so the initial team of groups was a self-directed team as it worked on itself within its group boundaries autonomously and was member centered to the informal leaders.Later on after the formal leader was assign to this team, it emerged as a stronger cross-functional team coordinating across its group boundaries for a sh ared purpose and caper solving. The formal leader directed work to the group leaders and assigned some authority to them as well. Question 2 Did the interdependence among the subgroups change with the interferon externalize? What were the group norms before and after the call back? interdependence is the extent to which the team members depend on each other for information, resources or ideas to accomplish their tasks.The research project should have been ideally a reciprocal interdependent one but initially the lack of talk and cohesiveness among the subgroups made it a pooled-interdependent team as the groups were fairly independent and did not share or coordinate work with each other participating as a team. After the formal leader came, he changed this interdependence style to the required reciprocal interdependent team. The interdependence increased a lot, and the team members influenced each other in reciprocal fashion for he completion of work and problem solving. Yes, the group norms changed and one single approach was taken to lead the project with consensus. Each subgroup was assigned a set of instructions by the leader, strict deadlines were given as the work was highly interdependent now and hebdomadally progress reports were submitted. The communication gap was removed, problem solving was improved and group coordination was increased. Question 3 What factors key for the change in cohesiveness after the chief biologist took over?Cohesiveness is the extent to which the members are united in pursuit of a common goal. The chief biologist increased the determining factors for increase cohesiveness. He took the team to a two day retreat and made them interact with each other. He organized the work and gave the team a more direct shared mission. Even after the retreat the communication was increase d as lunches and coffee gathering took place. Group members and team leaders started having daily discussions and cooperated on research requirements. Enthusiasm and group cohesion was increased.