Policy formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy formation - Essay Example Allied health comprises healthcare professionals including doctors, pharmacists, nurses, therapists, nutritionists, counselors and dieticians comprise (Hamburg, 2015). There is necessity  for effective policy creation and implementation that would enhance proper healthcare in the nation. Allied health are vital to the nation’s well-being and provided the fact that majority of persons working within the healthcare parameters are not sufficiently educated and trained, there is an urgent need for creating policies that would ensure only well trained and qualified personnel work as healthcare service providers (Lizarondo, Grimmer & Kumar, 2014). Ailments such as lifestyle diseases emanate from causations that are avoidable when allied health professionals held with high consideration in terms of education, training and employment (Hamburg, 2015). For instance, carcinogens and mutagens introduced to food products due to the negligence of manufacturers cause cancer. Some manufacturers use dangerous (carcinogenic and mutagenic) substance in the production of food in a bid to enhance productivity and revenue for that matter. Policies advocating for the reduction of health personnel illiteracy can help in this measure, especially nutritionists and dieticians are well trained and allowed to access ever food product before they are distributed in the consumer market. The same applies to drugs. An accurate case scenario occurred when the painkiller, Vioxx, was released in the market. The drug had an adverse chemical composition that resulted in massive deaths of American citizens and many others around the globe, a disaster that wo uld be avoidable if proper policies were in place to oversee healthcare professionals’ competency. In the formulation of the policy, it should be observed as government responsibility to establish relevant infrastructure for education, training, professional assessment of the trained and for the

Belonging in Ancestors and Feliks Essay Example for Free

Belonging in Ancestors and Feliks Essay Fundamentally one can only really feel a true sense of belonging for a nominal moment in time. The actual instance of belonging is intangible and not permanent. Due to this, any form of belonging will involve compromise, sacrifice and some degree of tension as different ideals compete for supremacy. We will continue to accumulate different senses of belonging and disregard the others as we grow, evolve and adapt to different situations. Due to the varying and conflicting belonging ideals, we will become frustrated and the joy of belonging may become a burden upon us at times. This frustration and momentary joy of searching for ones place of belonging are explored in Skrzynekcis Ancestors and Feliks, as well as Homecoming a novel by Cynthia Voigt. It implores the audience of these texts to relate to the happenings of the characters in the texts. The texts requires us to place ourselves in the shoes of the characters feeling their sense of connectedness, belonging and self identity through the links of family ancestors and or heritage. The poem Ancestors allows the reader to be positioned to feel the connection through our own ancestors and the attributes they bring to the forefront. They allow us to delve into the unknown or forgotten realms of our own history and allows us to draw upon these memories in order to feel content with our own sense of identity within society. It is a basic human notion of feeling as though we are not alone and we are apart of something greater then ourselves. In the poem Shrzynecki, there is an attempt to illustrate to the audience that he feels a sense of isolation in regards to the separation from his ancestors. The poem represents that without a clear understanding of our own history or ancestry we lack a clear sense of self as we are unaware of our past values, motives and/or attributes. This representation of ideas is presented through the use of metaphor and narrative voice. The Star metaphor To what star do the footprints lead? represent an unclear sense of direction the star being the focal point of navigation which demonstrates the idea that without knowledge of your ancestry we cannot be certain of our place in this world. Another prominent language feature in this poem is the use of rhetoric. The rhetorical questions of who, what, why and where represent the uncertainty of the Authors own past as there is a missing link from his ancestors and himself. The use of second person narrative voice in Ancestors, for example why do you wake positions the reader to look beyond the constraints of Skrzynekcis written words and to consider our own ancestry. A The second text Feliks illustrates to the audience that we need some type of belonging in order to fit into society. In the poem the father drew upon his memories of Poland through his garden. Skrzynekci on the other hand was unable to create a link to his heritage or the present as he was torn between the new society and his old traditions. He failed to create a solid link to either of his heritages and thus conflict is presented to Skrzynekci. This conflict is one that creates many difficulties in regards to the way Skrzynekci related to his family and friends. In the first stanza of the poem My gentle father kept pace only with the joneses of his own minds making link to the fact that his father was not affected by the outside happenings and he was the only one whom dictated the way in which he did things. This then put strain on Shrzynecki as he began to feel more and more isolated from the new society as his father was rejecting the new practices rather then assimilating. Another present language feature is the use of hyperbole. The hyperbole ten times around the world is used to exaggerate Skrzynekcis thoughts in regards to his father. Throughout the poem it is evident that Skrzynekci holds his father in high esteem and wishes not to disappoint his parents by choosing to assimilate into the Australian culture. This leaves Skrzynekci in an isolated state as he does not feel a sense of belonging to either the old or new heritage. In the novel Homecoming the theme of belonging runs throughout the entire novel. The novel tells the story of the 4 Tillerman children as they find themselves alone in their car (being abandoned by their mother), some miles from their home, in a shopping mall parking lot in Peewauket, Connecticut. The children go on a journey in order to find a place to live; a search for a home, a physical place where they can belong. They end up living with their grandmother. Through their journey in the novel they search for belonging within themselves, realizing that they are stronger as a family and that, although they have different personalities, strengths and weaknesses, they belong together. The children also struggle to see where they belong in the wider world, in society, as individuals and as a unit. It becomes apparent though the novel that family is a major symbol of belonging as within the home front the children learn this vital concept. Their Homecoming is a journey that leads them to a long-lost grandmother who remains the key to unlocking their family history and ancestry. They start to learn that families can be fragile, and that if they are not nurtured and protected, they can fall apart as in the case of their family. In regards to the contrasting of the three various texts one must position themselves both in the own realms of society and that of the author. We have to adapt to the authors context in order to fully comprehend the text and its entirety. All three texts present the themes of belonging/not belonging within themselves and society. In regards to Skrzynekcis poems we are able to understand that any link, either being that of family ancestors or even heritage creates a sense of belonging due to the link we have created to something greater than ourselves. The novel Homecoming links to the poems through the use of not belonging and the sense that Peter Skrzynekci felt and expressed through his poems. Homecoming links indirectly to Ancestors as both texts bring family and its importance to the vanguard. Homecoming and Feliks contrast as they allow the audience to become aware of different senses of belonging, such as the garden in Feliks and the mother in Homecoming. However in both instances the texts allows one to feel as though they are connected even when they feel as though there is absolutely no sense of belonging present. To conclude, all the three texts above illustrate the importance and the evolving nature of belonging. Thus the fundamental necessity to belong brings to the forefront that motivation for living, the reason for feeling placed within society and the drive for continuing growth and development on our journey through life. SUPERFLUOUS SHORT SENTENCES ARE MORE IMPACTUAL CONCISE It may be as though we are unable to really feel a true sense of belonging and the only essence that is closets to true belonging is that to oneself. This would ultimately mean that we cannot be truly be connected to anything until at the end of ones life when we reflect upon all the different places of belonging. It also brings to the vanguard that one can only really feel a sense of connectives or understanding of self if they are aware of their own history. It allows us to no longer feel isolation as we can clearly see where our ideals, motives and values originated. The language features that are present in this text demonstrate these factors and enable us as the reader to further understand the text and its meanings.

Edna Pontellier Essay -- essays papers

Edna Pontellier People shape the way they live their lives around the society they live in. It gives you walls that you can either shape your life with, or you can breakdown to make a mold of your own. The society Edna comes from pushes her to rebel against her life, try to live her own way inside the walls and then finally break free of the walls, wich leads to the termination of her character. Being born in a time that is not right for her, Edna tries to push the things that her society accepts. In her world it is normal for a husband to control the life of the life of his wife. It is not normal for a woman to leave her husband and keep a good name. Trapped by the standards set up for her, she knows that there is no easy way out. As much as she gives to her society she st...

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 25

elena Matt swung his gaze in horror between Bonnie's prone figure, the name on the floor, and Elena's pale face. After a few shocked minutes, Elena spun and left the room. Stefan and Matt fol owed her as Meredith and the others moved to Bonnie's side. Out in the hal way, Elena pounced on Stefan. â€Å"You were supposed to look after them. If you had been here, Bonnie would have had some protection.† Matt, trailing Stefan out of Bonnie's bedroom, balked. Elena's teeth were bared, her dark blue eyes flashed, and she and Stefan both looked furious. â€Å"It wasn't Stefan's fault, Elena,† Matt protested gently. â€Å"Alaric and Mrs. Flowers had set magical protections. Nothing ought to have been able to get in. Even if Stefan had been here, he wouldn't have been in Bonnie's room with her al night.† â€Å"He should have been, if that's what it took to protect her,† Elena said bitterly. Her face was tight with anger as she looked at Stefan. Even as Matt stood up for Stefan, he couldn't suppress a glow of satisfaction at seeing trouble between Elena and Stefan at last. It's about time Elena realized Stefan isn't perfect, the worst part of him said gleeful y. Mrs. Flowers and Alaric hurried out of the room, breaking the tension between Elena and Stefan. Mrs. Flowers shook her head. â€Å"It seems that Bonnie was very foolishly trying to contact the dead, but I don't see how she could have done this to herself. This must be the result of whatever has been endangering you. Meredith is going to stay by Bonnie's bedside for the time being while we investigate.† Matt glanced at Elena and Stefan. â€Å"I thought you said that Caleb was out of the picture.† â€Å"I thought he was!† Stefan said as they al headed downstairs. â€Å"Maybe this is something he started before we fought.† Alaric frowned. â€Å"If that's true and it's stil going, Caleb himself might not be able to stop it. Even if he died, that wouldn't interrupt a self-perpetuating curse.† Elena strode out to the hal and ripped into the first of the trash bags, her jaw set. â€Å"We need to figure out what he did.† She dug out a stack of notebooks and shoved them into the others' hands. â€Å"Look for the actual steps of a spel . If we know how he did it, maybe Alaric or Mrs. Flowers can figure out how to reverse it.† â€Å"The spel book Bonnie was using is one of mine,† Mrs. Flowers said. â€Å"Nothing in it should have had this effect on her, but I'l examine it just in case.† They each took a notebook and a pile of papers and spread out around the kitchen table. â€Å"There are diagrams in mine,† Stefan said after a minute. â€Å"There's a pentagram, but I don't think it's the same as the one we saw on the floor.† Alaric took the notebook and peered at it, then shook his head. â€Å"I'm not an expert, but that looks like part of a standard protection spel .† The notebook in front of Matt was mostly scribbled notes. Tanner first death? it asked. Halloween? Elena, Bonnie, Meredith, Matt, Tyler, Stefan all present. He could hear Meredith's feet upstairs, restlessly pacing by Bonnie's bedside, and the words blurred before him. He scrubbed the back of his fist against his eyes before he could embarrass himself by crying. This was useless. And even if there was something helpful in here, he would never recognize it. â€Å"Does it strike you guys as weird,† Elena asked, â€Å"that Celia was the first one affected by whatever this evil is? There wasn't anything about her in the shed. And she never met Tyler, let alone Caleb. If Caleb was trying to get revenge on us for Tyler's disappearance, why would he attack Celia first? Or at al , real y.† That was a real y good point, Matt thought, and he was about to say so when he spotted Mrs. Flowers. She was standing stick-straight, staring off past his left ear and nodding slightly. â€Å"Do you real y think so?† she said softly. â€Å"Oh, that does make a difference. Yes, I see. Thank you.† By the time she had finished and her eyes snapped back to focus on them, the others had also noticed her one-sided conversation and grown silent, watching her. â€Å"Does your mother know what happened to Bonnie?† Matt asked her eagerly. He had stayed in Fel ‘s Church fighting the kitsune with Mrs. Flowers when his friends had traveled to the Dark Dimension, and their time as comrades in arms had made him familiar with Mrs. Flowers's casual exchanges with the spirit realm. If Mrs. Flowers's mother had interrupted their conversation, she probably had something useful and important to say. â€Å"Yes,† said Mrs. Flowers, smiling at him. â€Å"Yes, indeed, Mama was very helpful.† Her face grew serious as she glanced around. â€Å"Mama was able to sense the thing that took Bonnie's spirit. Once it had entered the house, she could observe it, although she was powerless to fight it herself. She's upset that she wasn't able to save Bonnie. She's quite fond of her.† â€Å"Is Bonnie going to be okay?† Matt asked, over the others' questions of, â€Å"So what is it?† and â€Å"It's a demon or something, then, not a curse?† Mrs. Flowers looked at Matt first. â€Å"We may be able to save Bonnie. We wil certainly try. But we wil have to defeat the thing that took her. And the rest of you are stil very much in danger.† She looked around at them al . â€Å"It's a phantom.† There was a little pause. â€Å"What's a phantom?† Elena asked. â€Å"Do you mean a ghost?† â€Å"A phantom, of course,† Stefan said quietly, shaking his head like he couldn't believe the idea hadn't occurred to him earlier. â€Å"There was a town I heard of once back in Italy many years ago, where they said a phantom stalked the streets of Umbria. It wasn't a ghost, but a being created by strong emotions. The story was that a man became so enraged at his unfaithful lover that he kil ed her and her paramour, and then himself. And these actions released something, a being made out of their emotions. One by one people living nearby went mad. They did terrible things.† Stefan looked shaken to his core. â€Å"Is that what we're facing? Some kind of demon created out of anger that wil drive people mad?† Elena turned to Mrs. Flowers imploringly. â€Å"Because frankly I think this town has had enough of that.† â€Å"It can't happen again,† Matt said. He was also looking at Mrs. Flowers. She was the only one who had seen the neardestruction of Fel ‘s Church with him. The others had been there for the beginning, sure, but when things got real y awful, when they were at their worst, the girls and the vampires had been off in the Dark Dimension, fighting their own battles to fix it. Mrs. Flowers met his eyes and nodded firmly, like she was making a pledge. â€Å"It won't,† she said. â€Å"Stefan, what you're describing probably was a rage phantom, but it sounds like the popular explanation of what was going on wasn't quite accurate. According to Mama, phantoms feed on emotions like vampires do on blood. The stronger an emotion is, the better fed and more active they are. They're attracted to people or communities that already have these strong emotions, and they create almost a feedback loop, encouraging and nurturing thoughts that wil make the emotion stronger so that they can continue to feed. They're quite psychical y powerful, but they can survive only as long as their victims keep feeding them.† Elena was listening careful y. â€Å"But what about Bonnie?† She looked at Stefan. â€Å"In this town in Umbria, did people fal into comas because of the phantom?† Stefan shook his head. â€Å"Not that I ever heard of,† he said. â€Å"Maybe that's where Caleb comes in.† â€Å"I'l cal Celia,† said Alaric. â€Å"This wil help focus her research. If anyone has any material at al on this, it'l be Dr. Beltram.† â€Å"Could your mother tel what kind of phantom it was?† Stefan asked Mrs. Flowers. â€Å"If we know what emotion it feeds on, we could cut off its supply.† â€Å"She didn't know,† she said. â€Å"And she doesn't know how to defeat a phantom either. And there's one more thing we should take into consideration: Bonnie's got a lot of innate psychic power of her own. If the phantom has taken her, it's probably tapped into that.† Matt nodded, fol owing her train of thought. â€Å"And if that's so,† he finished grimly, â€Å"then this thing is only going to get stronger and more dangerous.†

Cupcake Shop

International University Vietnam Bachelor of Commerce Program ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE Your assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed Subject Code:| BUSM4092| Subject Name: | Applied Entrepreneurship| Location where you study:| RMIT Vietnam – SGS| Title of Assignment:| Feasibility Analysis| Student name:| Kim Koan DongPham Anh HoaNguyen Phu HaiPham Phuong Nghi| Student Number:| s3324450s3298342s3255278S3269894| Learning Facilitator in charge:| Ms. Agatha Heng| Assignment due date:| 07/09/2012|Date of Submission: | 07/09/2012| Late Submission Approval| | Number of pages including this one: (Please number your pages like this: page 1 of 7, page 2 of 7, etc)| 27| Word Count:(Main Content)| 5,558| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Having noticed the business opportunity in food, especially in dessert in the Vietnam market, Ucake’s business idea is developed. The purpose of presenting this idea is to help customers embodying their precious message into cake, the req uisite item in every celebration.This can be regarded our business idea as the current market has not provide it. Investigation revealed that choosing young people 15 to 30 living in Ho Chi Minh City as potential targets in terms of increase in population, GDP and positive behavioral change towards cake. Moreover, market research found that there are competitors with strong brand name and reputation. However Ucake can survive among the opponents with service differentiation focus strategy in which Ucake’s core differentiated service is ‘customer’s self decorated cake’.Ucake provides plain base cake, hygiene environment with fresh and diverse topping, and then customers simply come to shop and decorate their cakes easily and fast with meaningful memory supported by professional advice by Ucake’s chefs. Otherwise, customers can choose cake design from hundreds of models that suit their event. Among the analysis, first five years’ financial stat ements, showing estimated establishment cost, revenue and expense, are included to verify that Ucake is able to break-even within 3 years. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2 I. The Business Idea4 1. Opportunity description:4 . Product / service description:4 3. Description of the entrepreneur team:5 II. The Industry and Market6 1. Current Industry Analysis6 2. Market potential Analysis7 3. Competitors Analysis (referred to Appendix 3)8 4. Target market/customers9 5. Market penetration (referred to Appendix 5)10 6. Stakeholder Analysis11 III. Business Model Analysis (referred to Appendix 6)13 1. Revenue sources13 2. Cost drivers13 3. Resource requirements / mapping13 4. Investment size14 5. Critical success factors15 6. Risk analysis and management16 IV. Future Action Plan17 1. Sources of start – up capital17 . Further information needed17 3. Support needed18 REFERENCES19 APPENDICES21 I. The Business Idea 1. Opportunity description: Currently, Vietnamese people are accustome d to Western culture, so they consider cakes not only as desserts or presents for birthday, but also indispensable items in special events such as Christmas or anniversary party. This trend leads to the rapid growth in demands of cakes, especially in holiday period like Christmas (Bao Moi Newspaper, 2009). Not stopping there, people also want to make their cake becomes more momentous to suit the purpose of parties or events.However, there are still no bakeries allowing customers to decorate cakes by themselves. As entrepreneurs, this is a good occasion for Ucake to develop a business idea to create more values and options for customers through its differentiated services. 2. Product / service description: Ucake bakery that has differentiated services will be opened to make customer feel convenient and comfortable, bring more benefit, and satisfy their needs. Two main services will be developed. Firstly, dissimilar cake designs will be updated for customer to choose, and then Ucakeâ €™s bakers will make cakes exactly based on design’s offer.Moreover, customers also can prefer their own design for Ucake to implement. Although the design of cakes is sometimes not favored some customers, they still have to buy it as they have fewer choices. This problem can be solved when customers come to Ucake’s store where they have various choices and they can even ask Ucake to make the cake based on their own suggestion. Here at Ucake bakery, it sells not only cakes designed by its’ store, but also cakes customers want to have. Another service is self – decoration, which there are spaces provided for customers, and all necessary equipments are to support them decorating cakes on their own.When using this service type, customers will pay for a plain base cake, toppings, and cream to design the cake; and what is more, they are allowed to try the taste of the cream, toppings before purchasing. To help client’s better understanding of the se rvices, Ucake’s bakers are there and willing to give advice for cake decorates. The cakes can become so consequential for the receiver if people decorate it by themselves. For example, parents will be very surprised and happy if their children decorate a cake as a gift for their wedding anniversary.However, most of Vietnamese people do not have enough necessary equipments or places to decorate a cake. This issue has been recognized, and Ucake wants to generate services that give its buyers chances not only to garnish this kind of desserts but to enjoy the fun and relaxation as well when they come to Ucake. 3. Description of the entrepreneur team: A group four undergraduate students who are taking bachelor degrees in RMIT University are recently having their family businesses run profitably in the Vietnam industry.Having followed different majors with background s of serving business, marketing, design, and especially in the hospitality streams, the team has ambition of launch ing a bakery locally which is called Ucake. On that account, the team seeks for potential opportunities with creative production to help solving customers’ problem, giving them more benefits, and also generating profits remarkably for their business. In addition, each member has developed a wide spread of professional relationship that would sustain their project in positive aspect and scale through their family’s network and friends.By employing some of members’ real working experiences from their family business and other service firms, the team is expecting use their conditions and supports to start up Ucake bakery successfully. II. The Industry and Market 1. Current Industry Analysis To improve Ucake’s strategies and support the awareness towards different features affecting its business, Porter’s five forces model is applied for analyzing risks that helps Ucake to control in higher progress in the Vietnam industry. According to Rice (2010), th is model contains five typical aspects. 1. 1.Bargaining power of suppliers – Low Within the bakery industry, raw materials are vital factors that contribute to the success of a business leading to high value of products and prestige. Usually, prices of materials like flour, sugar, milk†¦ are depended on the level of quality customers want to aim at. In Vietnam, sources of suppliers for those ingredients are relatively diverse that can be derived from local grocery stores or larger suppliers. Hence, Ucake will have more options choosing dealer that are appropriate for its budget and demand. 1. 2. Bargaining power of buyers – HighNowadays, the Vietnamese people are influenced by Western cultures and tend to go to cake shops as their hobbies, especially on holidays and other events. With many bakeries throughout the country, customers are advantageous to experience excellence and different prices of various bakery shops. Besides, many youths are also interested in ma king cakes by themselves; as a result, clients have more knowledge of selecting the right cakes which are suitable for their commandment. 1. 3. Threat of new entrants – High Since the regulations and procedures of starting up a bakery in Vietnam are not so complex (Vatgia. om, 2011), which even people with small capitals can also invest on this kind of business, barriers to enter the industry here are not high. Therefore, as a new comer, Ucake faces the threat of self – decoration service imitation from other components, including existing and approaching cake shops. 1. 4. Threat of substitutes – High The level of threat of substitutes that Ucake faces is pretty high as there are many different types of food and dessert services developing in Vietnam (VietnamBriefing, 2008), such as ice – cream, yogurt, fast food, Vietnamese sweet soup, etc.Thus, clients have various options of switching to other food once their demand of consuming cakes decreases. 1. 5. Rivalry among existing firms – High At the moment, only in Ho Chi Minh City, there are over 100 bakery stores located widely, and the competition of bakeries are getting more and more intense as many large and small local bakery stores exist in the market (Phan Le, 2012). Furthermore, the local bakeries also have to compete under pressures of investments from some famous foreign bakeries, which might affect customers’ perceptions and operations of local bakeries as well as Ucake. . Market potential Analysis Regarding this area, PEST model is used to examine the environmental part for executive strategies. 2. 6. Political Due to To Loan (2008), food hygiene and safety are some of the biggest issues in Vietnam, and this issue is much cared by the government. Research Center of Business Administration claims that HACCP is the highest international license required by the Vietnamese for a firm which wants to operate in food industry. So, Ucake must have HACCP  (Hazard An alysis and Critical Control Points) to meet the Food Safety Law. 2. 7. EconomicUcake will have to take moderate rental costs, so the store’s location does not have to be positioned in the center of Ho Chi Minh City. Due to Diaoconline. com (2012), the cost for a two – floored shop in district 5 is approximately 1,000USD. Cost of facility and equipment for a new venture are paid highly in the first year in terms of the good quality facilities and equipment in order to make customer feel comfortable. However, since they are fixed costs, the venture does not need to pay anymore in next few years, and maintenance costs will be paid less instead.According to VietnamBranding (2008), Vietnamese people refer Western fast food than Vietnamese. 2. 8. Social Dan Tri Newspaper (2012) states that Vietnamese people care and obverse more Western tradition and events (Christmas, mother’s day, Halloween†¦) and considers that cakes are commonly used in many parties and speci al events. This leads to high demand of cake, and especially during Christmas. Besides, in this century, people do not only want a delicious cake but increasingly care more about nutrition and health issue (Viet Bao Newspaper, 2005).So, if Ucake has HACCP for ensuring the safety of the cakes and researching some of new healthy ingredients, more and more customers will be more attracted. 2. 9. Technology As a small business, high technology is not really fundamental for Ucake. However, Ucake need to have fresh, safe and high quality ingredients. Hence, safe and clean process of making and decorating cakes are highly presented, also the bakery can cooperate with its supplier to do research and development to adjust the amount of sugar and please customers, especially that are fastidious. . Competitors Analysis (referred to Appendix 3) 3. 10. Direct competitors Regarding the direct competitive environment, generally, most of Ucake’s components are other bakeries in Vietnam, whic h are large local bakeries, small ‘cakes and cafe’ shops, and foreign bakeries. Some of Ucake’s particular competitors consist of Vietnamese ones like Brodard, Givral and Jous Les Jours bakery from overseas. Firstly, Brodard and Givral bakeries are two of most long time businesses in the Vietnam bakery industry that selling cakes and other breads.Overall, both of them supply cake orders from clients like Ucake; conversely, as their service regards to only takeaway cakes, they do not have self – decorated cake services for buyers. For Tous Les Jours which is a popular chained bakery from Korea that mainly offers clients fresh breads, cakes and other desserts, the chain presently has more than 8 stores allocated in Ho Chi Minh City. Similar to Ucake, Tous Les Jours accommodates consumers with cafe spaces, and also makes cakes through customers’ idea suggestion.Nonetheless, the Korean chain does not have self – decoration cakes and hardly to cha nge to this kind of service while their concept is consistent, and because of their large number of branches. 3. 11. Indirect competitors In this field, as Vietnam’s integration has been widely opened, different investors of foodservice gradually find opportunities in the Vietnam market. As a consequence, Ucake’s indirect competitors are both domestic and foreign foodservice businesses surrounded by the nation.Among those components, Baskin Robbins (ice –cream chains), Yogen Fruz (Yogurt chains) and Lotteria (fast – food chains) are selected to weight against Ucake’s potential. In general, all of those 3 businesses are serving consumption services apart from Ucake, and their statuses are reasonably strong compared to Ucake as a new comer. In addition, none of them contains mutually two kinds of services that Ucake has. For this reason, even though Ucake is totally new and less popular, its operation is not affected much by indirect challengers in t erms of this new differentiated variety of service. . Target market/customers (referred to Appendix 4) 4. 12. Geographic According to World Bank (2012), the GDP per capita has been increased significantly since the year of 2000. Among the provinces, Ho Chi Minh City’s population claimed the highest with almost 6,000 people in 2010. Moreover, people’s average income in the northern area is also high, which especially in Ho Chi Minh City’s was estimated the greatest with approximately 3,000 USD per year (Hoa Le, 2012) determining higher consumption compared to other regions.Hence, Ho Chi Minh is an ideal location for Ucake to plan for starting up the investment and seek to achieve good profits. 4. 13. Demographic Ucake’s targeted customers are aimed at the ages from 15 to 29 who are mainly teenagers and youths going to work as there are numerous young ages of under 30 that reach more than 50% of the Vietnam population (Nielsen, 2010). 4. 14. Behavioral Thos e groups of audience above are targeted not only because of their excess in the country population. Typically, a majority of them tends to adapt new updates of trend due to the international integration prospect and influence from other countries’ cultures.Thus, that is one of the reasons why many young Vietnamese people have interests in Western fast food and desserts by the appearance of investments regarding these kinds of food in the Vietnam market. Viet Bao Newspaper (2005) states the progressive encouragement of the Vietnamese of considering hygienic products as their vital priority for consumption in recent decades. For those points, Ucake finds it quite potential with great opportunities to set goals for achieving success through this targeted market. 4. Market penetration (referred to Appendix 5)Since the cake market is already at the maturity stage of the product life cycle, in order to enter the industry; Differentiation Focus Strategy is applied to Ucake. QuickMBA (n. d) says that Differentiation Focus Strategy can help the firm to narrow down to a specific group of customers, and give consumers the best and different services compared to its competitors resulting in retaining customer loyalty. However, there are some limitations with this tactic that Ucake’s service can be imitated or its targeted segment changes consumer needs.Guerilla marketing: Ucake has to do marketing activities strongly in the first year as it is a new and small firm in the market, and guerilla marketing is an ideal tool for new business which has limited marketing budget like Ucake. Some experts (Levinson, Levinson, & Levinson 2007) indicate that guerilla marketing is an easy and inexpensive marketing method for small business. Guerilla marketing strategy focuses on low cost, unconventional marketing tactics, and puts more time and effort to achieve maximum result. One week before the opening of the shop, some of refrigerated cabinets made by glass can be placed on public places such as parks or supermarkets. Then Ucake’s big designed cakes are displayed inside to catch people’s attention and trigger their curiosity. The slogan â€Å"Your Cake† will be put on cabinets to introduce Ucake’s business idea to clients. * Additionally, few days before the launching day, the banner of announcing the decoration contest will be also situated near refrigerated cabinets to invite people to participate. The contest will be held during the opening day.Customers can join and buy their cakes with half prices Advertising: advertisements of Ucake’s establishment day will be posted on magazines for youths and teenagers such as Tiep Thi va Gia Dinh and Hoa Hoc Tro. A Facebook page of Ucake will be created as well in order to expand the brand community. Facebook is an ideal place for us to reach large number of potential customers. Ucake’s products and other activities will be informed which are easy for consume rs to view wherever they are. This social media tool can draw customers’ interests and Ucake can receive advantages from this marketing effect. 5. Stakeholder AnalysisBeside the owners, people that influence the performance and success of Ucake’s business can consist of the customers, supplier and employees. Those important stakeholders are categorized and emphasized in 4 particular aspects in the table below. Stakeholder| Role| Level of effect| Expectation| Supposed risks| Investors| Devoting for the establishment of the business| Moderate| Making decisions in right investing and capitalizing for beneficial profits of the company| Lack of financial sources or bankruptcy would threaten the operation of the business| Customers| Consuming goods and service of the bakery| High| More usage of roducts and services from customers helping the business to gain status and revenue to compete with others| Bad comments from customers affecting the reputation of the business whethe r quality of goods or services do not satisfy them| Supplier| Supplying raw materials to the client bakery (i. e. flour, sugar, butter, milk, etc. | Moderate| Providing required quality and quantity of materials not only to enhance relationship with customers but also help generating profitable products for customers | Bad quality of raw materials supplied or late delivery time will cause unqualified products or delay in the plan of the business| Employees| Supporting and controlling the operation of the bakery| High| Adding efficient value to the business by applying their trained skills to the service and attending to customers in order to improve the bakery’s performance| Low capability, misbehavior to customers leading to decrease in turnover of the business|III. Business Model Analysis (referred to Appendix 6) 1. Revenue sources The revenue is mainly generated from two items which are customer’s ordered cake and self decorated cakes. Customer’s ordered cake is produced based on the design that customers choose from Ucake’s menu. Therefore, the price of each cake is the revenue varying due to the size and design from 300,000VND to 400,000VND. Customer’s self decorated cake is made through this process, in which Ucake provides a plain base cake and customers decorate the cake by adding toppings and creams according to their preference.The fixed revenue will be sale price of the base cake (150,000VND), and additional revenue is earned by the amount of toppings they supplement which costs 15,000VND per package of one kind of topping. Minimum of 100,000VND of toppings is expected to be just enough for decorating a whole cake nicely. Furthermore, revenue from self – decorated cakes is anticipated to be greater than from ordered cakes. Research result shows that there are no competitors providing this service at the present time. Other revenue is earned by the sale of soft drinks sold for customers in the shop, and one c an of the drink costs 15,000VND.As the price is relatively cheaper, it will not be considered as crucial revenue to ensure maintenance of business. 2. Cost drivers Number of consumers or sales of cakes will increase the raw material expense. Ucake only sells cakes, and the expense to satisfy customers’ demand will have the greatest impact on cost structures. Ingredients to bake plain base cake, such as eggs, sugar, butter, milk, salt, flour and cream, must be kept fresh so JIT (Just In Time) strategy will be utilized to decrease inventory costs.Being located nearby Ucake, the supplier (referred to ‘Resources requirements’ part) will conduct prompt delivery at lower costs in daily basis. 3. Resource requirements / mapping In order to offer satisfactory services to customers, raw materials and human resources are decisive in our business. The raw materials mentioned in ‘Cost drivers’ part above will be purchased from Tan Nhat Huong, the only local firm supplying cream, operating in Tan Binh district, Ho Chi Minh City. The quality is as high as other foreign companies’ products.As Ucake and the supplier’s locations are geographically close to each other, Ucake can decrease significant logistic costs. Ucake needs four people to run this business. One professional chef will bake the plain base cake and ordered cake. Two more amateur chefs will work as supportive assistants to help the main chef and to advise customers decorating cake. One person will be hired as receptionist. For this job, as there is no complex calculation involved, a person with no background of accounting can also be recruited.People will be hired from the online labor market (timviecnhanh. com), and Ucake will upload specific requirements of employees and interview the favorite candidates. 4. Investment size The first financial investment must be at least 100,000USD in order to start and operate Ucake for first year. Below is the cost analysis for the first five years after opening Ucake. * Fixed cost Ucake will be opened on Nguyen Trai Street, District 5 by renting a two – floored shop . The rental fee will be 1,000USD per month which will be totally cost 12,000USD for the first year of contract.Also, other costs to operate the business like electricity, water are calculated to be 167USD per month (2,000USD / first year). * Variable cost As the cakes are baked after receiving orders from customers, ingredients are considered as variable costs. All costs related to baking process such as electricity, labor, ingredients are regarded as 100,000VND per cake. Assuming that Ucake produces 3,720 cakes per year, including two types of products based on the revenue analysis, the variable cost will be 20,000USD per year. * Semi variable cost Semi variable costs comprise two expenses: wage and marketing.The wage is for the four employees. The wage amounts for main chef, supportive chefs and receptionist are 200USD, 150USD and 10 0USD, respectively. In the initial year, monthly wage will be 600USD which adds up to 7,200USD of wage expense for the first year. Ucake will conduct marketing vigorously in the first year to present the differentiated services and gain customers’ awareness. The annual cost is estimated to be 5,000USD. * Non recurring cost Equipments like baking ovens, furniture, and shop renovation costs will be spent before launching Ucake shop. All the equipment costs are calculated approximately 50,000USD.Sum of the first year’s costs are 96,000USD. However, in case of not covering expenses by the revenue, 4,000USD is needed as a back-up fund when Ucake meets unexpected costs. Hence, the first investment cost should be 100,000USD to cover the whole first year and half of second year’s expense. The first investment fund of 100,000USD will be recovered at the end of third quarter in year 2. Even though the price of cake is cheaper than other consumer products like electronic d evices or automobiles, huge profit margin of cake will allow the business to step up from survival to growth level. 5. Critical success factorsDuring the investment process, there are two main critical success factors of sustaining Ucake’s operations. First of all, one of the most vital elements for a bakery to accomplish is the role of the head baker. A head baker needs to have long time experience in baking and decorating cakes. Yet, this is still not enough. Cakes are quite attractive to many people, but customers have begun fussier about this kind of desserts over time due to changes of their perceptions about nutrition and safety of goods (Viet Bao Newspaper, 2005); thus, the head baker has to update consumer's behaviors and apply ethods that are adequate with their demands. For instance, he can use fresh cream instead of butter cream to reduce the fat of the cake’s topping cream for making buyers more secure as regards their health. In addition, he is in charge o f planning and estimating the number of sellable cakes per day to verify profits for the bakery also encourages products sold within 24 hours upon baking and avoids surplus of stock. Another critical success factor of Ucake is the quality of customer services.As a bakery providing self – decorated cakes, in order to serve the customer’s needs, it is significant to hire a group of staffs that meet the working standard for this new type of service. Basically, the staffs need to have limited knowledge about cake’s basis and skills of decorating cakes for instruction whether their buyers cannot garnish themselves or need assistants. Besides, they are to support customers in providing them options of cake toppings shapes for their self – decorated cakes, directing them to park vehicles, and make the shop atmosphere hygienic and convenient for them.With those points, Ucake can expect to match the criterions of services and keep its customers satisfied. 6. Risk analysis and management Among the risks, some distinguishing points strongly affect Ucake’s enlargement that need to be aware and administrated in terms of its business conception. The first threat that Ucake might face is that the idea of customer self – decoration services can be imitated by others which is estimated with high chance.As being appeared at the maturity stage, products of Ucake are common in the industry, except that its services are developed to a different standard and have never been applied by other competitors. Nevertheless, although self – decoration is new and unique compared to others, this concept does not require so many sophisticated progressions to implement the services; in consequence, other bakeries, including existing and potential ones, can easily reproduce Ucake or create similar serving styles even if Ucake tries to protect its company via Intellectual Property Rights registration.Copying service is an unavoidable problem to Uc ake; still, Ucake would be the pioneer in applying self – decorated cakes for clients in the market, so it is an extremely cautious period for Ucake to deliberate its growth as well as gaining customer loyalty by performing satisfactory products and services once it is first publicized. Additionally, the moderate possibility of employees’ misbehaviors to customers throughout their serving mission might occur. During the business, employees have high responsibilities in making clients feel worthy with what they pay for the services and want to return to Ucake again.On the other hand, employees are sometimes negative effects of discouraging customers of using services due to their slow serving or bad attitudes, and this would be very dangerous for the bakery because customers have diverse options of bakeries to prefer. As a consequence, Ucake needs to spend a period of time training the employees carefully with some particular rules of the bakery before the store’ s launch to look forward to attaining effective services satisfying its consumers.What is more, employees should be praised with rewards or other incentives whether they do their job well in order to increase their productivity in addition to Ucake’s efficient services. IV. Future Action Plan 1. Sources of start – up capital Ucake is a relatively small size in aspects of budget, establishment cost and labor wage. The business model analysis shows that Ucake requires at least 100,000USD as set up cost. There are three possible financial sources to raise the fund. * Angel investment: Ucake will open a business plan presentation to potential angel investors to persuade them that it is a feasible business.Angel investors will receive corresponding amount of return related to their investment size. * Loan from bank: Banks allow the Vietnamese to receive loan if credibility is guaranteed. Ucake will summit five years of financial budget and business plan to convince that Uca ke is a trustable business. 50,000USD is the amount Ucake plans to receive from the bank as a loan. * Financial supports from acquaintance: four owners of the business are running their own family business and being successful. Ucake can be financially supported by their families. . Further information needed Ucake lacks legal knowledge about food market. As a result, the future operation of the bakery must be checked and advised by a law firm called TopicLaw. TopicLaw will support by providing standard of food and necessary licenses for Ucake to run the bakery such as sanitation of bakery, safety of equipments. Also, as Ucake’s business idea is very easy to be copied, it should contact with consulting firm to protect the Intellectual Property Rights. The consultation will be about patent registration.The Target market analysis shows that the targeted market is quite potential. However, Ucake must implement further surveys before opening to identify what kind of toppings and decoration style that the target market prefers. It is vital to run regular survey on customers’ feedback and preference after setting up Ucake in order to maintain competitive advantages in such dynamic food market. 3. Support needed Due to the fact that parents of the four Ucake’s owners are successfully running family business overcoming economic crisis, they can be consultants of Ucake.External environments cannot be consistent as Ucake assume. Therefore, their parents may recommend direction of future operation and performance of Ucake. Excluding law firm and consulting firm which was mentioned in ‘further information needed’ section above, Ucake is looking forward to surviving and growing in the target market without further outside supports. REFERENCES Bao Moi 2009, ‘Nhon nhip thi truong banh chao don Giang sinh’, Baomoi, viewed 28 July 2012, ;lt;http://www. baomoi. com/Nhon-nhip-thi-truong-banh-chao-don-Giang-sinh/54/3636052. pi;gt; Da n Tri 2012, ‘Ngay cua me: Net dep van hoa phuong Tay di sau vao nep song Viet’, Dantri, 11 May, viewed 28 July 2012, ;lt;http://dantri. com. vn/c130/s130-594592/ngay-cua-me-net-dep-van-hoa-phuong-tay-di-sau-vao-nep-song-viet. htm;gt; Dia Oc Online 2012, homepage, DiaOcOnline, Ho Chi Minh City, viewed 29 August 2012, ;lt;http://www. diaoconline. vn/sieu-thi/loc/-tp_tphcm-quan_131-diaoc_15/;gt; Hoa Le 2012, ‘Thu hep khoang cach thu nhap giua cac tang lop dan cu’, TapChiTaiChinh, 24th April, viewed 12th August 2012, ;lt;http://www. tapchitaichinh. n/Qu%E1%BA%A3ntr%E1%BB%8Bn%E1%BB%99idung/ViewArticleDetail/tabid/56/Key/ViewArticleContent/ArticleId/7989/Default. aspx Levinson, JC, Levinson, J ;amp; Levinson, A 2007, ‘Guerilla marketing: easy and inexpensive strategies for making big profits from your small business’, 4th edn, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. Nielsen 2010, ‘Khao sat tai chinh ca nhan 2010’, The Nielsen Company, viewed 10th August 2012, ;lt;http://www. google. com. vn/url? sa=t;amp;rct=j;amp;q=h%C6%A1n+50%25+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+vi%E1%BB%87t+d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi+30+tu%E1%BB%95i;amp;source=web;amp;cd=1;amp;ved=0CEUQFjAA;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. ielsen. com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fcorporate%2Ft3%2Fvietnam%2Freports%2FNielsen_PFM%2520Presentation_VNese. pdf;amp;ei=YuYzUKGcIYWPiAfFx4CIAQ;amp;usg=AFQjCNHwF2lBNKGO2JYJGbVpA1pxBxo0tg;amp;cad=rja;gt; Phan Le 2012, ‘Bakery: Cuoc chien da len men’, DoanhNhanSaiGon, 11th May, viewed 5th August, ;lt;http://doanhnhansaigon. vn/online/kinh-doanh/chuyen-lam-an/2012/05/1064208/bakery-cuoc-chien-da-len-men/;gt; Quick MBA n. d, ‘Porter’s Generic Strategies’, Quick MBA, viewed 29 August 2012, ;lt;http://www. quickmba. com/strategy/generic. html;gt; Rice, JF 2010, ‘Adaption of Porter’s Five Forces Model to Risk Management’, A Publication of the Defense Acquisition University, July, viewed 10th August 2012, Proquest database. Tan Nhat Huong 2012, homepage, TanNhatHuong, Ho Chi Minh City, viewed 28 July 2012 ;lt;http://tannhathuong. com/Product/1/1/Kem-Trang-Tri-Banh;gt; To Loan 2008, ‘Ve sinh an toan thuc pham: Can hanh dong quyet liet voi che tai manh (Bai cuoi) Kinh nghiem cua the gioi’, KinhTeNongThon, 19 May, viewed 29 August 2012, ;lt;http://www. inhtenongthon. com. vn/Story/VandeSukien/2008/5/10853. html;gt; Topic Law 2012, homepage, Topic Law, Ho Chi Minh City, viewed 29 August 2012, ;lt;http://topiclaw. com/giay-phep-ve-sinh-an-toan-thuc-pham/;gt; Vatgia. com, 2009, homepage, Vatgia. com, Vietnam, viewed 12th August 2012, ;lt;http://www. vatgia. com/hoidap/4484/87326/thu-tuc-mo-1-tiem-banh. html;gt; Viet Bao 2005, ‘Kinh doanh banh tuoi: Thi truong lon, phat trien nhanh’, VietBao, 28th March, viewed 6th August 2012, ;lt;http://vietbao. n/Kinh-te/Kinh-doanh-banh-tuoi-Thi-truong-lon-phat-trien-nhanh/40072174/88/;gt; Vietnam Briefing 2008, ‘Vietnam’s Fast-Food Industry Continues to Attract Foreign Investment’, Vietnam Briefing, 12 November, viewed 5 April 2012, ;lt; http://www. vietnam-briefing. com/news/vietnams-fast-food-industry-continues-at tract-foreign-investment. html/;gt;. VietnamBranding 2008, ‘Fast food Viet – bao gio? ’, VietnamBranding, 25 June, viewed 20 April 2012, ;lt;http://www. vietnambranding. com/thong-tin/phong-su-thuong-hieu/4610/Fast-food-Viet—bao-gio> World Bank 2012, ‘Vietnam GPD per capita’, TradingEconomics, viewed 12th August 2012, http://www. radingeconomics. com/vietnam/gdp-per-capita APPENDICES Appendix 1: Service Prototypes 1. Cakes baked and cream frosted by Ucake’s chefs. 2. Ucake provides options of toppings for customers. 3. Customers choose favorite toppings and pay at the counter. 4. Cakes and toppings are brought at customers’ tables. 5. Customers decorate cakes on their own or with the assistance of Ucake’s staffs. Appendix 2: Uca ke staffs’ job description Staff| Function| Head chef| The person who has long time knowledge and experience of working in the bakery industry.Typically, he holds good recipes of cakes and manages every baking step to ensure the cakes look stunning and tasty. | Supportive chefs| These chefs can be amateur and to assist the head chef in doing the baking process and help instructing customers towards self – decoration services. They also direct customers in decorating cakes whether customers suggest. | Receptionist| Has a responsibility of managing the quantity of toppings, charging bills of customers and reporting the revenue daily to owners. | Appendix 3: Direct and Indirect competitors analysis 3. 1. Direct competitors

Things Fall apart and Umuofia Clan Essay

Things Fall apart and Umuofia Clan Essay Things Fall apart and Umuofia Clan Essay FirstName LastName Class Period In the story Things Fall Apart, many things escalate to just falling apart. Okonkwo’s a wealthy, great, and respected warrior of the Umuofia clan. As you can infer, he’s the main character. Many things escalate in downward negative way for Okonkwo throughout the whole story. Furthermore, Europeans comes along and destroys their communities. The Europeans destroyed more than their communities, they destroyed their customs. Finally, when the white Europeans come along and they change the Nigerians customs and make them try to live like a European. Okonkwo was a well-respected and great warrior of the Umuofia clan. The clan belong to the Nigerian tribe witch was connected to nine other villages. Growing up, Okonkwo was ashamed of the reputation his father left behind for him. Okonkwo’s father was more of a leader for the Nigerian tribe. Unoka, the father of Okonkwo lead some of the villages into poverty. He left half the villages into debt with each other. He , himself was cowardly and spendthrift. Okonkwo obviously did not want to follow his father footsteps; but he has many assumptions throughout the story that his son will end up a failure like his father. The "things" that fall apart in the book are really the Ibo way of life, and Okonkwo's life as he knows it. He, himself built a self-made man who would be taken responsible to lead the tribe. Okonkwo’s commits an error that causes another clansman to get wounded; this leads into suspension of his motherland for 7 years. By this point Okonkwo’s life is falling apart in matter of seconds. The way of Ibo cultures and values also fall apart due to Christianity missionaries coming to their village. More importantly, while the missionaries were there they convinced many people who caused them into questioning their belief and faith. Due to questioning to their belief the Ibo tribe fell apart. The significant steps that cause Okonkwo life to fall apart are very straightforward. Okonkwo’s beats his wife during the week of peace, which nobody is allowed to display any act of violence. Moving on, Ikemefuna, the boy he takes care of, is sentence to death. Okonkwo is punishe d by killing his ideal son, Ikemefuna. Okonkwo kills a clansman at the funeral due to a gun malfunction. Christian missionaries come to his tribe and persuade his people to questioned their beliefs and culture. The Christian missionaries impact the son of Okonkwo, Nwoye, causing him to

Stakeholders of Tourism in Thailand

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Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re like the average student, you’re probably bemoaning the ever-rising cost of college. School seems almost impossibly expensive, and yet every year sticker prices tend to go up. You know that getting a degree is important for your future career prospects, and you understand that you can apply for financial aid, but you just don’t get how schools can set these sky-high prices. Did college tuition always cost so much? And if not, why has it risen to its current rate? I’ll answer these questions and more in the following sections, which address: Current college expenses cost breakdowns Historical trends of tuition fee expenses in the US Explanations for these rapid cost increases What you actually pay for school, and how that’s different from the sticker price Tips strategies for keeping your costs down Read on to learn more about why college is so expensive, and what you can do to afford it. What Does College Cost? Before we talk about why college is so expensive, we should talk about what college actually costs. You might already have a general idea of average prices for public and private schools in the US, so hopefully this info won’t give you sticker shock. The major college costs that students are responsible for include tuition, fees, room, and board. Tuition fees are generally lumped together, as are room board costs. All of these expenses (plus a few minor others) are equal to the total amount it costs for a student to go to school for one year, otherwise known as the Cost of Attendance. Let’s look at some of these average costs for the last academic year (2014-2015): Tuition and Fees Private college average = $32,405 Public college average for in-state residents = $9,410 Public college average for out-of-state residents = $22,958 Room and Board Private college average =$11,188 Public college average = $9,804 In sum, the average Cost of Attendance ranges from about $18,943 at public schools to $42,419 at private schools (there will obviously be some variation - these are just averages). You can read more about the breakdown of college expenses by checking out our comprehensive guide to college costs. Now that you have a good baseline for current college costs, we can talk about why, exactly, they’re so shocking. We can do this by looking at historical data, or information on college costs over the last few decades. Historical Trends: The Rising Cost of College College cost trends in a nutshell. Here, we’ll take a look at how tuition, fees, room, and board costs have changed (in today’s dollars) over the last 40 years or so. I’ve created some graphs, so you have a better representation of rising expenses from a few different perspectives (data sources include College Board, IPEDS): Average tuition fee increases (for both private and public schools) Average room board increases (for both private and public schools) Average private college versus public college cost increases Tuition and Fee Increases I’m starting with tuition fees because this is where we tend to see the most dramatic cost increases over the past few decades – you’ll see what I mean on the graph below. Remember that these costs are all in 2015 dollars – because of inflation, $1 decades ago was worth much more than it is now. This has been accounted for in the graph so that the cost increases don’t seem larger or more drastic than they actually are. That being said, they look pretty drastic: Average Tuition Fees, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school tuition cost $10,088 in 1975, whereas the average private school tuition now costs $32,405. That’s a 221% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school tuition cost $2,387 in 1975, whereas the average public school tuition now costs $9,410. That’s a 294% increase over the past 40 years. When people talk about the discrepancy between private school and public school costs, this is generally what they mean. Room board can be expensive (as you’ll see in a minute), but the greatest difference in costs is evident when we look at tuition fees. The major factor that accounts for this difference? Public school tuition is subsidized by the state, whereas private school tuition isn’t. The tuition numbers for public schools listed above are average costs for in-state residents - tuition for out-of-state residents at public schools can be much more expensivebecause it’s not subsidized for those students. Room and Board Increases Room board costs can be a bit more variable than tuition fees costs, and depend heavily on things like cost of living in a particular area, or students’ living and dining plan selections. That being said, average room board costs have increased pretty dramatically over past decades (again, the amounts here have all been adjusted to 2015 dollars). Average Room Board, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school room board cost $6,125 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $11,516. That’s a 188% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school room board cost $5,446 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $10,138. That’s a 186% increase over the past 40 years. You might notice that although private room board costs are more expensive than those of public schools, there’s not a huge difference between them - in the 2015-2016 school year, for example, the difference between average room board costs between school types came to $1,378. Total Cost Increases: Private Colleges vs. Public Colleges Finally, we’ll take a look at how the average costs of private schools have compared to the average costs of public schools (in 2015 dollars) over the past four decades. Although they’ve both risen at rates faster than that of inflation, you might notice that there’s a big difference in the costs (and the change in costs) between public and private schools: Average Tuition Fees + Room Board Costs, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) Overall, we can see that average education costs have risen pretty rapidly. For public schools -The average total cost went from $7,833 in 1975 to $19,548 in 2015. That’s a 250% increase over four decades. For private schools -The average total cost went from $16,213 in 1975 to $43,921 in 2015. That’s a 271% increase over four decades. Your next question, naturally, might be why we’ve seen such a rapid increase in the cost of a college education in the US over the past 40 years. This isn’t an easy question to answer, but we’ll address all possible explanations for the rising cost of college in the next section. Why Are CollegeCosts Rising So Rapidly? This is the million dollar question - we know very well that costs are rising, and by how much. What’s more difficult to understand is why, exactly, college costs (for both public and private schools!) are going up at such an astonishing rate. There are several popular explanations for these cost increases. As with most complex issues, however, it’s difficult to approach a question like this objectively because most of these explanations come from perspectives that are biased by particular financial or political agendas. I can’t tell you for sure what the â€Å"right† answer is, but I can present the explanations and discuss their merits. This will help you gain a better understanding of how many factors may affect these dramatic cost increases. Explanation #1: Public Funding for Education Has Been Slashed This explanation may be the one most endorsed by schools themselves, and it’s likely to be the one you hear if you ask admissions officers or tour guides about the issue at any pricey institution. It’s not that costs have gone up - costs have just been shifted to students as schools have to make up deficits left by slashed state or federal funding. But is it true that the government has stalled or cut funding for post-secondary institutions? Well, not necessarily. Overall, government funding for higher education (i.e. college) has increased a lot faster than government spending in general. Although there are hiccupswhen the economy is in bad shape - like during the Great Recession - funding, in general, seems to have increased significantly over past decades: State funding for higher education increased significantlybetween 1960-1980: 390%, to be precise (adjusted for inflation) This state funding reached an (inflation-adjusted) high record of $86.6 billion in 2009. It fell a bit due to the stock market downturn in 2008 but has since risen to $81 billion The federal Pell Grant program has grown (in 2015 dollars) from $10.3 billion in 2000 to $34.3 billion Budgets were cut after 2008 due to the Great Recession, but college costs were increasing way before that, and the stock market has since recovered. I think it’s safe to say that funding for post-secondary educations hasn’t been slashed overall, but that doesn’t mean that schools aren’t dealing with tight budgets. In fact, funding might be a big issue for schools if †¦ Explanation #2: More Students Are Attending College More students = less money to go around? Why would college costs go up if more students attend? Well, schools would have more to pay for. If they accept greater numbers of students, they have to pay for more food, more housing, more professors, more facilities. Even if the amount of public funding increases, schools might be scrambling to cover costs if the funding amount per student decreases. Is this really what’s happening? Well, enrollment in postsecondary programs has increased by almost 50%since 1995 - there are definitely more students pursuing an education after high school.Again, though, we've seen this trend of increasing college costs way before 1995. Ultimately, I think it’s a bit of a stretch to say that an increase in enrollment has forced schools to raise their prices: First, no school is required to accept a greater number of students than it’s comfortable with. If they thought that bigger cohorts weren’t financially feasible, why would they take on more students? Second, adding students to a graduating class doesn’t do much to increase a school’s fixed costs (unless they were adding a very large number of students). Even if a school does spend more money to accommodate larger numbers of students, they also have more students paying to attend the school - this would, presumably, help to cover extra expenses. Let’s entertain the idea that schools may be paying more to take on large numbers of students. One budget item that may account for college cost increases... Explanation #3: More Pay for Professors With an increasingly global market comes global competition for academic positions (and competition when it comes to attracting students). Top experts in particular fields move all around the world to take jobs at universities who are willing to pay for them. Schools also haveto compete with the private sector when it comes to salaries. Because the private sector tends to be pretty lucrative, schools must compensate coveted experts very well for the work they do. Paying top dollar for professors could account (at least in part) for this increase in college expenses. So are schools actually paying more for their professors? There are undoubtedly some rockstar professors that make a ton of money at top universities. Overall, though, it looks like the average prof isn’t exactly raking in the dough - salariesaren’t much higher now than they were in the 1970s. Butif schools have to pay to employ larger numbers of professors, perhaps this could contribute to rising costs, right? In reality, though, schools now tend to employ way more part-time, lower-paid instructors (like graduate students and adjunct professors) than well-paid tenured professors. It looks like this explanation can’t fully account for the decades-long spike in costs. Explanation #4:Colleges Acting More Like Businesses A business’s primary focus - or at least one of them - is to maximizethe amount of money it makes. Even if a college is designated as a nonprofit, it’s still going to be incredibly concerned with its budget and revenue. A big portion of its revenue comes from what students pay to attend. Generally, people are willing to pay more for experiences or services that are more comfortable or enjoyable. Some people argue that colleges have caught on to this, and compete for applicants and students by offering and marketing â€Å"better† experiences - better food, better housing, nicer facilities, more interesting clubs and activities. Others suggest that schools raise prices just to appear more prestigiousto applicants. Is this really the case? Well, over the past few decades, there have been large increases in average administrationandstudent servicesbudgets at both private and public schools. Admin positions at colleges and universities grew by 60%between 1993 and 2009, which was much faster than the rate of growth for tenured faculty positions. Finally, high-ranking admin officers tend to make pretty cushy salaries. Overall, it seems that these sales- and marketing-related expenses (in the form of growing admin and student services budgets) could account for some of the decades-long cost increase. The next logical question, though, would be why students and parents would be willing and able to deal with ever-expensive college costs. Perhaps there’s something else at play here†¦ Explanation #5: More Public Funding Available for Schools Could more money be leading to an increase in costs? If colleges acted like businesses, they would charge whatever amount students were willing to pay in order to get a degree. If students are willing (and able) to pay more for college, then colleges would raise their costs. Some people argue that by increasing public funding for student financial aid, the government is increasing students’ willingness to pay - more financial aid money means more flexibility and freedom when it comes to choosing a college. A greater willingness to pay leads to an increase in cost from colleges and universities. Is more financial aid leading to these ballooning college expenses? It’s hard to say, mostly because we can only see the relationships between these two factors (what's known ascorrelation) and not necessarily whether one is causing the other. But here’s what we do know: For every extra dollar made available to students in the form of government financial aid, there’s an increase in average college tuition of about 65 cents For-profit colleges (like Capella, DeVry, and the University of Phoenix)are more explicit about the fact that they are run as businesses, and as such, focus on increasing profits. Publicly traded for-profit schools do well on the stock market when the government increases financial aid funding,suggesting that investors believe more financial aid = more profit for schools. We can’t determine anything for certain, but it looks like there’s an important relationship between available financial aid and college costs. One education professorposited that â€Å"if students couldn’t get any money from the federal government, tuition [fees] would probably go down, but it’s hard to say how much.† Increased financial aid is meant to make college more affordable, but in a system where schools (even nonprofit schools) are motivated to increase revenue, this funding may contribute to a disastrous feedback loop. What Do You Really Pay for School? The stuff we’ve discussed so far sounds pretty scary, to be honest. Who wants to worry about ballooning college costs and education affordability, when you want to just focus on getting into the schools you’re interested in? This is where I get to reassure you that all the numbers I’ve talked about so far may not be as meaningful as you think. All of these published costs - tuition, fees, room, board - come together to make up a school’s sticker price. This sticker price is what a student would pay without any financial aid or scholarship money, or without taking any serious cost-cutting measures. The number you should care about is your estimated Net Price, not Cost of Attendance. Your Net Price is the amount you pay after grants and scholarships. Average Net Prices for students are generally much lower than the figures published earlier in the article. Your Net Price will really depend on your financial situation and where you end up going to college, but average Net Prices are a good place to start if you're budgeting for school. The average Net Prices for 2015-2016 are: $14,120 for in-state students at public schools $26,400 for students at private schools You can do even better than these average figures, though- it’s pretty easy to calculate your own Net Price at a particular school! All you need to do is access its Net Price Calculator. Check out our complete guide to college costs for more info on using a Net Price calculator. How Do You Keep Costs Down and Save Cash? You have a lot of information to process so far, but this last section might be one of the most important ones! Since college is so expensive, you’ll want to take as many steps as possible to cut costs, especially if you’re on a budget. Just because college costs are rising doesn’t mean you have to pay full sticker price for a college education. These next tips will help you get as much money as possible for school. An effective (if impractical) way to cut your spending. Apply for Financial Aid As you may have guessed, financial aid is a huge part of keeping your college costs down. In order to get your hands on financial aid funds, make sure to submit a FAFSA accurately and by the deadline. The FAFSA is important because it's the application for all federal financial aid programs, including the Pell Grant, Direct loans, and Perkins loans. Schools also often use the FAFSA to determine aid eligibility. Apply forOutside Scholarships There are so many scholarships available based on so many different criteria, including academic merit, financial need, volunteer work, ethnicity, interests, and more. Awardscan range from $50 to hundreds of thousands of dollars. If you're interested in applying for scholarships, start by checking out our posts on top awards for juniors and seniors. Applyto In-State Public Schools In-state tuition is often much, much cheaper at public schools than tuition for non-residents. If you're interested in applying to public schools and want to lower your costs right off the bat, apply to schools in your state. Check out our article on college costs for more information on how much money you could save with this strategy. ApplytoSchools With Strong Financial Aid Programs Someschools have strong merit- and need-based financial aid programs. They award money to students independently of any awards given by the federal or state governments, which are all based on financial need. Although private schools tend to have pretty high sticker prices, highly-ranked schools with bigger endowments tend toaward generous financial aid packages to their students. Conversely, schools that are working to draw in more competitive applicants tend to give generous merit-based awards. To start learning about schools with great financial aid programs, check out this list of schools with the best financial aid. Cut Down on Living Expenses As you’ve seen, room board costs make up a big chunk of the total costs associated with going to college. Cutting down on these expenses can mean you pay a lot less money in the long run. There are a lot of ways do this. Ultimately, you should focus onchoosing economical meal plans and/or housing options, if available. You could also see if living at home is an option if you plan on going to school close to your parents. Get a Student Job A student job is a great way to gain professional, research, or business experience while also bringing in extra cash to coverexpenses. What's Next? You've made it to the end! No doubt you're itching to learn more about saving money in college, especially now that you know how much it can cost. You should start by learning all you can about financial aid. Our guide to applying for financial aid is a great introduction. To get more nitty gritty details about financial aid programs, read about the Pell Grant, Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans. Next, learn about the types of schools that are most likely to give you a great deal. Read about schools that cover 100% financial need, and schools that have the best financial aid programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Leadership is a process of energy, not structure. in this Essay

Leadership is a process of energy, not structure. in this way,leadership is different from management- managers pursue stabilit - Essay Example This essay will look at the differences between leadership and management in terms of how a leader achieves his purpose and the responsibility of management. The phrase â€Å"Leadership is a process of energy, not structure, in this way, leadership is different from management- managers pursue stability while leadership is all about change† shows that the interest of a manager is maintaining processes and structures ensuring stability while a leader seeks to improve by initiating and driving change in an organisation (Boje, Burnes & Hassard, 2011, p38). In the current business and organisational environment, the decision making organs of an organisation have valued the leadership style to drive change in the organisation, which will ensure that the organisation is competitively placed in the market while still insisting on managerial qualities to ensure reliability in the organisation. One of the key differentiating factors between the leaders and managers is that while the ma nagers maintain the status quo, a leader is interested in developing the organisation to greater heights of success.When a manager is in charge of an organisation or a department within an organisation, his main responsibility is to ensure that that department has maintained the levels of performance that it has. (Mondy, Noe & Gowan, 2005, p68). For instance if a manager is in charge of the human resource department in an organisation, his main interest will be to ensure that the employees do not reduce their levels of productivity or their work ethics, he does this by following the laid down procedures processes and the norms and values that an organisation has. A leader who is in charge of the organisation or the department, his main purpose is to break the status quo in the organisation or department and ensure that it performs better than it was before he took the management position (Kouzes & Posner, 2007, p69). Take a leader for example, who takes control of the human resource department of an organisation, he will learn the operating ethics that the employees have, including the department’s culture norms and values, he will then purpose to learn the strength and weaknesses of the employees in the department. A leader will then analyse these and change the department’s culture if it was an inhibiting factor to good performance, he then will have aim at focussing on improving the performance of the employees based on their strengths and weaknesses and therefore improving the productivity of the human resource department, he is in charge of. While the main point of focus for managers is the systems and structures, a leader is more focused on the people (Wissman, Knippa & Roberts, 2008, p109). A manager’s point of focus is the structures and systems that govern an organisation, these include the set norms, values and code of conduct in the organisation, he then aims at improving these without leaving loopholes that may encourage laxity among the employees (Daudelin, 1994, p35). This in essence means that the employees follow a strict way in performance of their duty and to some extent, their flexibility is limited by the laid down procedures. A manager in a school setting for instance will insist on

Symbolism In Trifles by susan glaspell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Symbolism In Trifles by susan glaspell - Essay Example Wright and the situation which led to the main conflict that is throughout the play. The first set of symbols which are associated with the trifles are the kitchen items which are seen, all which are referred to first as being in a mess. The set of noticed items include fruit that has frozen, preserves that Mrs. Wright was working on and pans that are under the sink. The main association is with the fruit that is frozen and with the preserves that haven’t been cared for. This is significant as it becomes a meaning which is related to the marriage and how it wasn’t cared for or preserved. This is what led to the cold and icy relationship that both were a part of. This is followed by the pans that are kicked under the sink leave the same impression, which shows that the cooking and care is one which is stuffed into a corner and hasn’t been used properly, similar to the marriage which Mrs. Wright is in. The next item which becomes symbolic is the loaf of bread. This isn’t significant except it hasn’t been placed in the bread box, which causes it to dry quickly and isn’t a way of caring for the items in the kitchen. The loaf of bread becomes symbolic with the marriage not being set in the right place and instead becoming one based on the wrong understanding within the relationship. While the men state that this is related to bad housekeeping, the women that are speaking notice that the uncommon changes in the kitchen are related specifically to Mrs. Wright not being able to create the right approach to the idea of being a wife and having a husband which is able to care for the marriage. The clothing is another symbol which is noted. This becomes significant because of the types of clothing that is expected. The first is an apron which Mrs. Wright has requested. The apron is significant because it shows how Mrs. Wright only believes the marriage was good so she could offer housekeeping chores, as opposed to having a true mar riage. The second is a shawl that is required. There is also a quilt which is mentioned and which the women notice that she is piecing together. The statement which is made with this is based on knotting the quilt, instead of sewing it. The knots are significant with the thoughts of Mrs. Wright, which doesn’t offer a proper way of putting together the quilt but instead shows that her marriage is tied together loosely. The significance of the individual items are also identified with the state that each of the pieces are in. The sewing left behind is noted as being good half way through the piece then changing. Mrs. Hale states that â€Å"Here, this is the one that she was working on, and look at the sewing! All the rest of it has been so nice and even. And look at this! It’s all over the place! Why, it looks as if she didn’t know what she was about!† (Glaspell, 962). There are also noticed changes with half of the counter being clean and the other half be ing a mess. The concept of the items being half way clean and the other half messy continues with a hinge that is half way pulled off of the door. Each of these indicate that the marriage was one which was also becoming a mess and was falling apart, similar to the items seen. The last trifle which works as a symbol is the bird. This is significant because of the cage which is found; however, the bird is gone. The women looking at the trifles note that Mrs. Wright used to like to sing but stopped. They also note

Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy work best for Bipolar I or Bipolar Research Proposal

Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy work best for Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder - Research Proposal Example Other aspects that were found to be common among bipolar II patients include interpersonal conflicts, breakdown of families and instability in marriage (Marneros and Goodwin, 2005, p. 95). What a psychotherapist is supposed to realize is that, people who have a high risk of falling from grace are those with a bi-polar disorder. They are also most likely to get into problems because of failing to adhere to advice or due to the state of their moods. This may lead them into several behaviors that may be risky. It is however paramount for any given psychotherapist to realize that some patients may be required to fail for quite a while before learning from their mistakes and acquiring mastery. Therefore, important nuances for management are being able to leave the door open for the patient to come back at another stage or showing a certain level of leniency in the course of psychotherapy. This is suitable rather than doing away with psychotherapy to someone who seems not to be compliant ( Yatham, 2010, p. 350). Nonetheless, since a bipolar disorder may be progressive with the accumulation of episodes, and it may readily show response to interventions been done at a period early enough during the sickness, attempts to engage patients in treatment early enough are of paramount importance. Moreover, a set of problem strategies that are family based, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal have been detailed to apply to those who have the condition of bipolar II (Yatham, 2010, p. 350). Arguments have been put forth in support of the well being plans for patients with bipolar II disorder. The axiom ‘knowledge of power’ is the underlying one for the strategies. It is observed that the often-used strategies are ensuring enough sleep, being able to manage stress, being aware of early warning triggers and signs, taking suitable medication and seeking relevant professional support (Yatham, 2010, p. 350). It is therefore in the scope of this research to establish whether Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) works well for Bipolar I or Bipolar II. Research Questions There are three research questions in this study: The first one is what is the comparison between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders; the second one is how does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy work for bipolar I and bipolar II; and lastly, between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder, which one appears to have Cognitive Behavioral Therapy working better for? Research Hypothesis The first hypothesis reveals that using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will lead to significant outcomes for the case of bipolar I than bipolar II. On the other hand, according to the null hypothesis, there will be no significant difference between the outcomes of using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in bipolar I and bipolar II. Basis and Purpose of the Research The basis of this research is to ensure that answers have been provided for the above hypotheses to the extent of the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. The research is particularly intended to find out whether Cognitive

Workplace Diversity and Nondiscrimination Essay

Workplace Diversity and Nondiscrimination - Essay Example he uphill task of supervising the offenders, managing the staff, overseeing administration and promoting community relations in and out of the office. The following paper describes the role played by a criminal justice administrator to address issues of sexual harassment, drug testing, privacy, employment and disability affecting employees. As stated by Cyndi (2008) ‘Although, it is expected that an employee abides by the company laws, it is also the duty of the employer to create a conducive environment, for an employee to work’. To properly ensure this rapport, the criminal justice administrator was introduced. For example, scenarios of sexual harassment have been reported in offices and working places. When such claims are reported the criminal justice administrator has the responsibility of taking up legal actions against the offenders. This could be done by reporting the incident to the local authorities and pushing for legal actions to be taken against the offender. The criminal administrator should also see to it that the victim is adequately and properly compensated (Brian, 2009). Cyndi (2008) explains that many private and public employers attempt to test prospective employees (and employees already on staff) for drug and alcohol use. However, some of these tests are illegal and should not be allowed in the office presentation. Urine and blood testing for drugs has been a normal procedure for an employer to use when selecting their employees. But legal acts prohibit employers from testing employee’s samples without their knowledge or consent (Craig, 2005). When such cases where the employer goes against the legal rights of the employee, the criminal justice administrator should step in and provide legal advice to the victim on the steps to take. Further, the criminal administrator should also report the incident to the authorities and ensure proper compensation. In addition, the employer should respect the privacy and confidentiality of his

Should Britain Adopt the Euro Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Britain Adopt the Euro - Assignment Example This transformation has been successful in meeting its goal. Greece has since adopted the Euro while Sweden, Denmark, and Britain, the latter of which is not considered a European country, have not. Many legislators and economists have suggested that it is simply a matter of when, not if, the UK will adopt the Euro. This discussion examines the benefits the UK will retain when this eventually happens and answers the legitimate concerns of those opposed to the transformation. Certain indisputable results have occurred following the conversion to the Euro. It has eliminated the costs and risks involved when exchanging foreign currency with other counties of the EU and made more transparent the cost of products. By adopting the Euro, Britain would be allowed a place on the European Central Bank (ECB) board thus being able to participate in the economic policy of the EU.   This would enhance the political influence of the UK which in turn would produce beneficial long-term opportunities for its economy. According to many published studies conducted regarding the effect of the Euro, using a common currency has already proven to augment trade and competitiveness within the countries that use it. One study that measured the influence of the Euro on trade discovered â€Å"countries that share a common currency trade about three times as much as countries without a common currency† (Micco et al, 2003). It is clear that trade between Britain and EU countries would escalate if the same currency was used. Differences in types of money present barriers to trade because of the cost factors involved in converting it. Large corporations would save significant amounts and open up previously unfeasible opportunities of trade to smaller companies. Reducing the cost of trade will make Britain more competitive as companies will be able to charge less for products yet yield.

Workplace Diversity and Nondiscrimination Essay

Workplace Diversity and Nondiscrimination - Essay Example he uphill task of supervising the offenders, managing the staff, overseeing administration and promoting community relations in and out of the office. The following paper describes the role played by a criminal justice administrator to address issues of sexual harassment, drug testing, privacy, employment and disability affecting employees. As stated by Cyndi (2008) ‘Although, it is expected that an employee abides by the company laws, it is also the duty of the employer to create a conducive environment, for an employee to work’. To properly ensure this rapport, the criminal justice administrator was introduced. For example, scenarios of sexual harassment have been reported in offices and working places. When such claims are reported the criminal justice administrator has the responsibility of taking up legal actions against the offenders. This could be done by reporting the incident to the local authorities and pushing for legal actions to be taken against the offender. The criminal administrator should also see to it that the victim is adequately and properly compensated (Brian, 2009). Cyndi (2008) explains that many private and public employers attempt to test prospective employees (and employees already on staff) for drug and alcohol use. However, some of these tests are illegal and should not be allowed in the office presentation. Urine and blood testing for drugs has been a normal procedure for an employer to use when selecting their employees. But legal acts prohibit employers from testing employee’s samples without their knowledge or consent (Craig, 2005). When such cases where the employer goes against the legal rights of the employee, the criminal justice administrator should step in and provide legal advice to the victim on the steps to take. Further, the criminal administrator should also report the incident to the authorities and ensure proper compensation. In addition, the employer should respect the privacy and confidentiality of his